Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander off Vieques: 9 killed

Date & Time: Aug 2, 1984 at 0805 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N589SA
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Vieques - Christiansted
MSN:
38
YOM:
1968
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
723
Captain / Total hours on type:
71.00
Circumstances:
Flight 901A departed the ramp in Vieques about 0755 with eight passengers aboard, all of whom had reserved seats and purchased tickets for Flight 901. The pilot of Flight 901A contacted the UNICOM as he taxied out to the takeoff end of runway 09. The UNICOM operator informed hym that there was no other traffic in the area. According to a mechanic at the airport, after takeoff, the airplane appeared to climb out normally; however, he said that as the airplane turned left in a crosswind departure pattern, it appeared to lose power when about 200 feet above the ocean. He stated that the airplane then gained about 50 feet, while in a nose-high attitude, and that he then heard the engines develop more power, before the plane descended into the ocean. The airplane had crashed into the ocean north of the departure end of runway 09 and about 1/2 mile off shore. The aircraft was destroyed and all nine occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The failure of the pilot to execute the emergency engine-out procedure properly shortly after takeoff following a loss of power in the left engine because of water in the airplane's fuel system and the failure of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority to remove excess water known to be in the airport's in-ground fuel tank before conducting fueling operations. The pilot's failure to execute the engine-out procedure properly was due to his inexperience in multi-engine airplanes. Contributing to the accident were:
- The air carrier's use of a pilot not certificated for the flight;
- The air carrier's failure to train the pilot adequately;
- The pilot's failure to follow proper practices to detect water in the airplane's fuel tanks;
- The out of weight and balance condition of the airplane;
- The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) incorrect application of 14 CFR Part 135 Rules to commuter air carriers; and (6) the FAA's generally inadequate surveillance of the air carrier.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-27 Islander in El Embrujo

Date & Time: Jul 27, 1984
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-2822X
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Andrés – El Embrujo
MSN:
2109
YOM:
1981
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After landing at El Embrujo Island, the twin engine airplane collided with a horse and came to rest. There were no casualties.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-8 Islander in Ajaccio

Date & Time: Jun 23, 1984
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
F-BVTD
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Ajaccio - Ajaccio
MSN:
710
YOM:
1974
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training flight at Ajaccio-Campo dell’Oro Airport, simulating engine failure. In unclear circumstances, the pilot lost control of the aircraft that crashed near the airport. Both occupants were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-26 Islander in Sanday

Date & Time: Jun 1, 1984 at 0824 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-BDVW
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kirkwall - Stronsay - Sanday
MSN:
522
YOM:
1977
Flight number:
LC621
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
4136
Captain / Total hours on type:
67.00
Aircraft flight hours:
5015
Aircraft flight cycles:
13451
Circumstances:
Loganair flight LC 621 was scheduled to fly from Kirkwall, on Orkney Island, to the Islands of Stronsay and Sanday, departing from Kirkwall at 07:30. The weather at Kirkwall was predominantly misty with low cloud and thus unsuitable for an on-schedule departure; accordingly, the commander decided to delay the flight pending an improvement. Because there are no formal weather reporting facilities at Stronsay or Sanday, crews must rely upon the area forecast and on any informal information passed by the respective aerodrome attendants. At about 07:25 hrs, the two airfield attendants telephoned, in turn, to say that the weather at Sanday was suitable for landing and that at Stronsay the visibility was then about 1½ miles. At 07:50 the commander decided that the weather conditions at Kirkwall were now better than the published takeoff minima and that the flight could be conducted under the Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Accordingly, the BN-2 Islander took off for Stronsay with six passengers on board. The flight was uneventful and the aircraft landed at Stronsay at 07:58. There two passengers disembarked and three joined for the 6 mile flight to Sanday, which departed at 08:03. As they passed the south-west tip of Sanday Island, the visibility was 2 miles with very low patchy stratus and with a higher layer of cloud. The pilot therefore flew the route below the upper layer of cloud, at 300 feet amsl and at a reduced airspeed of 90 knots, compared with the normal cruising speed of 130 knots. When the aircraft was about 3/4 mile out from Sanday airfield the commander recognised the chequered marker boards near the end of the grass runway 03. He next saw the windsock, which showed the wind to be about 140°/15-20 knots, and slowly descended to 250 feet amsl (190 feet above the aerodrome) to position the aircraft downwind for runway 11. Whilst doing so, he lost sight of the airfield in deteriorating visibility and, as the cloudbase ahead appeared to be getting lower, he climbed away in a northwesterly direction and levelled off above the layer of cloud, at 600 feet amsl. Whilst establishing the aircraft on the track to Kirkwall, the commander noticed some areas clear of cloud about 3 miles off the northwest coast of Sanday. As, in the opinion of the commander, these provided a safe area for descent over the sea, he used them to descend to 300 feet again and approached the northwest coast at 90 knots with the intention of map-reading his way back to Sanday aerodrome. Having carried out the descent and the relevant aircraft checks the commander saw the headland, which he knew to be Whale Point, some 2-3 miles distant. By reference to his map he was aware that he could follow the road which ran in a southwesterly direction and then turn southeast to a specific point which would lead him directly onto the final approach to runway 11. However, having failed to recognise the turning point, he navigated by reference to his map around the south, east and north of the aerodrome in order to intercept the road running southwest and thus relocate the turn-in point to the runway. The commander stated that he was aware that the meteorological conditions were very conducive to the formation of carburettor icing, so he applied the normal period of carburettor heat to each engine just before the final approach. He then turned the aircraft onto the final approach and, not yet seeing the airfield, used the school - which he could see and knew to be almost directly beneath the final approach path - to align the aircraft with the runway. As the aircraft passed abeam of the school the commander was able to identify the runway markers of runway 11. By this time the aircraft speed had reduced from the 65 knots at which the approach had been flown, but the speed actually achieved is not known. The left wing of the aircraft then dropped and the aircraft established a rate of sink. The stall warning system activated and the application of full throttle could not arrest the descent before ground contact. During this final descent, the aircraft turned through 55° to the left and struck the ground in a manner quoted by some passengers as not very different from a normal landing, although at a point some 450 feet (137 metres) short of the runway threshold. Thinking that the aircraft had merely bounced on the ground, the commander left the power applied and attempted to climb away. With full throttle still applied, the aircraft continued through two barbed wire fences, across a small quarry and a shallow ditch. It finally came to rest, after passing through another barbed wire fence, some 1,065 feet (325 metres) from the initial impact point. The commander then closed the throttles and shut down the engines.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by the commander's decision to continue a low level VFR flight in meteorological conditions which were inappropriate. His low experience of the task was a contributory factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-20 Islander near Karimui: 10 killed

Date & Time: Jan 14, 1984 at 1100 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
P2-ISH
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Kundiawa - Karimui
MSN:
757
YOM:
1975
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Circumstances:
While descending to Karimui Airfield on a flight from Kundiawa, the pilot encountered poor weather conditions. In low clouds, he started the descent prematurely when the twin engine airplane struck the slope of a mountain located few km from Karimui. All 10 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-8 Islander in Lanyu

Date & Time: Oct 9, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
B-12202
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Taitung - Lanyu
MSN:
380
YOM:
1973
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
For unknown reasons, the twin engine airplane landed hard and was damaged beyond repair. All 12 occupants escaped uninjured.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN2A-26 off Lanyu Island: 10 killed

Date & Time: Sep 28, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
B-11109
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Taitung - Lanyu
MSN:
518
YOM:
1977
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
9
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
10
Circumstances:
While approaching Lanyu Island (Orchids Island) in poor weather conditions, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed into the sea few km offshore. All 10 occupants were killed.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-21 Islander near Smithers: 7 killed

Date & Time: Sep 2, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
C-GIPF
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Campbell River - Smithers
MSN:
274
YOM:
1971
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Circumstances:
The twin engine airplane was returning to Smithers, carrying one pilot and six German citizens taking part to a hunting camp. While descending to Smithers, the aircraft crashed in unknown circumstances in an isolated area. SAR operations were initiated but eventually abandoned after four weeks as no trace of the aircraft nor the seven occupants was found.
Probable cause:
Due to lack of evidences, the exact cause of the accident could not be determined.

Crash of a Britten-Norman BN-2A-21 Islander off Bula: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 5, 1983
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
PK-KNF
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Ambon - Bula
MSN:
745
YOM:
1975
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
While descending to Bula Airport on a cargo flight from Ambon, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed into the sea. Both occupants were killed.