Toluca

Probable Cause:
Loss of control of the aircraft during the emergency procedure of indication of the deployment of the reverse of the engine number one during the takeoff roll above V1, which was consistent with the training and standard operating procedures that call to continue the takeoff, causing the collapse of the aircraft, by low speed and the operation of abrupt maneuvers and turns towards the engine side in idle position and commanded opening of the Drag Shut due to poor CRM.
Contributing factors:
- False indication of reverse display of dwelling position number one.
- Failure of pilots of previous flights not to refer failures to indicate the deployment of reverses for maintenance actions.

Loss of control upon landing due to the exhaust gases of the three turbofan engines and wake turbulences from an heavy category aircraft, causing a runway excursion, and an additional presence of crosswind, resulting in the aircraft rolling over uneven terrain of the safety strip resulting in severe damage.
Contributing factors:
- Safety strip in poor condition,
- Failure to attach times and separation distance between an aircraft taking off and landing on the same runway, to avoid the formation of wake turbulence and the presence of the exhaust gases of turbofan engines.

Runway excursion due to loss of directional control of the aircraft during the landing run on an unstabilized approach.
The following contributing factors were identified:
a) Unstabilized approach,
b) Adverse atmospheric conditions in the "W" area of the airport,
c) Change of designation of runway in use for landing,
d) Lack of adherence to standard operating procedures "SOPS",
e) Lack of adherence to the concepts of "CRM" resource management in the cockpit,
f) Decreased situational awareness on the part of the commander of the aircraft,
g) Flying the approach and descent visually, following an IFR descent within IMC conditions (Instrument Meteorological Conditions),
h) Wet track,
i) Lack of crew coordination,
j) Poor judgement and incorrect decision,
k) Existence of a concrete marker with a level of 10cms protruding above the road surface in the runway safety zone.

Due to lack of evidences, the exact cause of the loss of control could not be determined.

The exact cause of the loss of control could not be determined. However, it was reported that the pilot aged 78 was not allowed to conduct commercial flight due to his age. Also, the young copilot aged 21 did not have a type rating for such aircraft.

Engine failure caused by a fuel exhaustion. Investigations reported that a total of 8 liters of fuel remained in the tanks at the time of the accident.