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Crash of an Ilyushin II-18V in Mineralnye Vody: 77 killed

Date & Time: Feb 15, 1977 at 2317 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-75520
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Tashkent - Nukus - Mineralnye Vody
MSN:
183 0067 03
YOM:
1963
Flight number:
SU5003
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
92
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
77
Aircraft flight hours:
29443
Aircraft flight cycles:
10817
Circumstances:
On final approach to Mineralnye Vody Airport by night, the crew encountered poor weather conditions. At a speed of 290 km/h, flaps were deployed at an angle of 30°, causing the airspeed to drop to 260 km/h. At a distance of 1,500 metres from the runway threshold, the captain decided to initiate a go-around as he was unable to establish a visual contact with the runway. During initial climb, at an altitude of about 90 metres, the airplane entered a right turn then rolled to the right at an angle of 15-30° and adopted a critical angle of attack of 15-18°. The tail stall and the airplane crashed in flames 2 km south of the airport. A crew member and 76 passengers were killed while 21 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
Failure of the crew to adopt a proper go-around configuration after a missed approach. The loss of control during initial climb was the result of a premature raise of the flaps, which caused the aircraft to reach a critical angle of attack and to stall.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2 near Jizzakh

Date & Time: Feb 1, 1977
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-55787
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1G50-40
YOM:
1964
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While cruising in marginal weather conditions with limited visibility due to fog and snow showers, the crew encountered technical problems with the engine. The attempted an emergency landing but lost control of the airplane that crashed in a snow covered field located in the region of Jizzakh. All three occupants were rescued while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Engine failure for unknown reasons. The crew was confused, failed to react properly to an emergency situation. Poor piloting techniques and lack of coordination.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-104A in Almaty: 90 killed

Date & Time: Jan 13, 1977 at 1814 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-42369
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Novossibirsk – Almaty
MSN:
8 66 012 03
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
SU3843
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
82
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
90
Aircraft flight hours:
27189
Aircraft flight cycles:
12819
Circumstances:
On final approach to Almaty Airport runway 23, while at an altitude of 400 metres, the left engine caught fire. An explosion occurred and the airplane descended at a speed of 150-190 km/h and crashed in flames in a snow covered field located 3,280 metres short of runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all 90 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Failure of a fuel line on the left engine caused the fuel to leak and to ignite while contacting hot air coming from the heating system due to a seal failure. This also resulted in a high carbon monoxide that spread in the cabin and the cockpit. Also, a fuel pump broke away.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-154 in Kiev

Date & Time: Dec 31, 1976
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-85020
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
71A-020
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
For unknown reasons, the airplane landed hard at Kiev-Borispol Airport and was considered as damaged beyond repair. There were no casualties. The exact date of the mishap remains unknown, somewhere in 1976.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-104A in Kiev

Date & Time: Dec 31, 1976
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-42371
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kiev - Kiev
MSN:
9 66 014 01
YOM:
1959
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew departed Kiev-Borispol Airport for a local training mission. On final approach, while properly aligned, the airplane stalled and crashed few hundred metres short of runway. All four occupants were evacuated with minor injuries while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. The exact date of the mishap remains unknown, somewhere in 1976.
Probable cause:
The aircraft stalled on final approach after the crew inadvertently shut down both engines.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-14RR near Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: 9 killed

Date & Time: Dec 18, 1976 at 1656 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-61752
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
MSN:
1470 012 47
YOM:
1957
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Aircraft flight hours:
6627
Aircraft flight cycles:
4927
Circumstances:
While approaching Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport by night on a survey flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the crew encountered limited visibility and marginal weather conditions. At an altitude of 850 metres, the twin engine airplane struck the slope of Mt Ostraya (910 metres high) located 12,5 km from the airport. The wreckage was found three days later. Two passengers (two hydrologists) were found alive while nine other occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
A succession of errors on part of the crew led the aircraft following a wrong track on approach to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The lack of visibility and poor weather conditions were considered as contributing factors.

Crash of an Antonov AN-24 in Kiev: 48 killed

Date & Time: Dec 17, 1976 at 2130 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-46722
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Chernivtsi - Kiev
MSN:
3 73 003 02
YOM:
1963
Flight number:
SU36N
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
50
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
48
Aircraft flight hours:
27244
Aircraft flight cycles:
24754
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Chernivtsi, the crew started the descent to Kiev-Zhuliany Airport in limited visibility due to foggy conditions and snow. On final approach, at a distance of 2,500 metres from runway threshold, the airplane descended below the glideslope. The crew continued the approach and passed below the decision height while he did not have the runway in sight. The airplane struck the concrete base of the inner marker located 1,265 metres short of runway, rolled for 115 metres and crashed on a railway embankment. Seven occupants were seriously injured while 48 others were killed. At the time of the accident, the horizontal visibility was 600 metres and the vertical visibility was 50 metres.
Probable cause:
Wrong approach configuration on part of the flying crew who descended below the decision height without any visual contact with the runway in limited visibility until the aircraft contacted ground. Deficiencies and inadequacies by ATC at Kiev-Zhuliany Airport were considered as contributing factors as informations transmitted to the crew did not reflect the truth.

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Ust-Kut: 7 killed

Date & Time: Dec 17, 1976 at 1940 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-88208
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Ust-Kut - Kirensk
MSN:
9 63 13 49
YOM:
1976
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
7
Aircraft flight hours:
327
Aircraft flight cycles:
348
Circumstances:
The aircraft was engaged in a cargo flight from Ust-Kut to Kirensk, carrying a crew of three, two technicians of the company and two people in charge of the 1,200 kg of cargo. The crew failed to prepare the flight properly, expedited taxi and departure. The airplane took off from runway 30 at a speed of 155 km/h and with an angle of attack of 15°. After rotation, while in initial climb at a height of 120 metres at a speed of 210 km/h, the pilot raised the flaps when the airplane lost height and descended until it struck trees and crashed in flames 1,500 metres past the runway end. The copilot was seriously injured while all six other occupants were killed. Few hours later, the copilot died from his injuries.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the crew precipitated the takeoff procedure and failed to follow the pre-departure checklist. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Poor flight preparation,
- The cabin was not heated prior to departure,
- The left altimeter was erroneously set with a value 10 mm Hg higher than prescribed (wrong altimeter setting),
- Stabilizers were set at -6° instead of the required -3,6° angle,
- The rotation was completed prematurely,
- During initial climb, flaps were raised at a speed of 210-220 km/h, 20 km/h below the speed mentioned in the Flight Manual,
- Lack of visibility,
- Lack of ground visual references.

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 near Zaporozhie: 5 killed

Date & Time: Dec 16, 1976 at 1308 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-87638
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Zaporozhie - Zaporozhie
MSN:
9 14 19 19
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Aircraft flight hours:
5762
Aircraft flight cycles:
6627
Circumstances:
The crew departed Zaporozhie Airport at 1257LT on a local training flight. About 11 minutes later, while cruising at an altitude of 2,100 metres in marginal weather conditions, the crew informed ATC that he was losing height when the airplane entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed in a 25-30° nose down attitude and a 6° left bank in a field located 20 km northwest of Zaporozhie Airport and 1,400 metres from the Novogupalovka Station. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all five occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control due to insufficient speed while the crew was practicing stabilizer trim change. The aircraft stalled due to poor piloting techniques and a probable wrong interpretation of the indicator airspeed value.

Crash of a Yakovlev Yak-40 in Armavir

Date & Time: Dec 7, 1976
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-87756
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dnipropetrovsk - Mineralnye Vody
MSN:
9 02 01 12
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
SU929N
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
11272
Captain / Total hours on type:
2257.00
Circumstances:
Following an uneventful flight from Dnepropetrovsk, the crew started the approach to Mineralnye Vody Airport at dusk. Unable to distinguish the runway, the captain decided to initiate a go-around. He elected to divert to Stavropol Airport but ATC informed him that the visibility was 300 metres only (although it was in fact 700 metres which would have allowed a safe landing). The captain attempted a second approach to Mineralnye Vody but was forced to initiate a second go-around manoeuvre. This time, he decided to divert to Armavir Airport when on final, all three engines failed simultaneously due to fuel exhaustion. The captain completed an emergency landing in an orchard located 1,745 metres short of runway threshold. All 29 occupants escaped unhurt while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Failure of all three engines on final approach to Armavir Airport due to fuel exhaustion. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Poor flight planning on part of the crew who departed Dnepropetrovsk Airport with an insufficient quantity of fuel (taking into consideration two missed approach and a divert to Armavir),
- Inaccurate information provided by ATC concerning the visibility at Stavropol Airport which was not 300 metres but 700 metres and would allow the crew to land safely.