Crash of a Learjet 24A in Gainesville

Date & Time: Sep 26, 1999 at 0935 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Registration:
N224SC
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Private
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Sarasota - Gainesville
MSN:
24-100
YOM:
1966
Location:
Gainesville-Lee Gilmer
Georgia
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
4830
Captain / Total hours on type:
580.00
Aircraft flight hours:
12869
Circumstances:
The pilots stated that approach and landing were normal. During landing rollout, about 2,000 feet down the runway, the brakes became ineffective. The aircraft continued to roll off the end of the runway, down an embankment, across a 4 lane road, and came to rest in a drainage ditch. Post-crash examination of the main landing gear brakes showed that 3 out of the 4 brake assemblies were worn beyond allowable limits and all 4 antiskid wheel generators were not producing voltage within the allowable limits. The outboard right main tire had failed during landing roll do to the antiskid becoming inoperative due to the low voltage of the wheel generator. The airplane had received an A-1 through A-6 inspection 2 days before the accident and this was the first flight since the inspection. The A-5 inspection requires inspection of the landing gear brake assemblies for wear, cracks, hydraulic leaks, and release.
Probable cause:
The inadequate inspection of the main landing gear brake assemblies, which lead to operation of the aircraft with worn brakes that failed during the landing roll. Contributing factors were the descending terrain, roadway and ditch.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24D in Ribeirao Preto: 5 killed

Date & Time: Apr 7, 1999 at 1147 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Manacá Taxi Aéreo
Registration:
PT-LEM
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Training
Survivors:
No
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto
MSN:
24-270
YOM:
1973
Location:
Ribeirão Preto
São Paulo
Country:
Brazil
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
4000
Captain / Total hours on type:
4000.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
6000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
100
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed São Paulo-Congonhas on a training flight to Ribeirão Preto-Leite Lopes Airport, carrying five crew members, instructor and pilots. On final approach to runway 18, during the last segment, just prior to touchdown, the aircraft rolled to the right, causing the right wing tip to struck the runway surface. The pilot-in-command overcorrected, the aircraft went out of control and crashed 420 metres past the first impact, bursting into flames. All five occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Contributing Factors:
- There was the participation of individual psychological variables in the pilot-in-command's performance due to the excess of self-confidence and self-demand in his customary behavior, besides the dissimulation regarding his real qualification for the type of flight. The personality with traces of permissiveness and insecurity of the co-pilot also contributed to the occurrence, as it allowed the aircraft to be operated by an unqualified pilot, with no employment link with the company.
- There was a lack of adequate supervision by Manacá Táxi Aéreo, as it allowed a crew member who had not operated the type of aircraft for one year and had not made any type of flight for four months, besides not having any employment relationship with that company. It is also necessary to consider the failure of supervision at the organizational level due to the issue of an incorrect license by the DAC, giving rise to the possibility of its use for the revalidation of license in aircraft for which the pilot was not qualified to exercise the function of commander.
- The entire sequence of events began with pilot errors resulting from the pilot's lack of flight experience in the left-hand seat on the aircraft in question.
- The inadequate use of cockpit resources destined to the aircraft operation, due to an ineffective accomplishment of the tasks assigned to each crew member, besides the interpersonal conflict resulting from the co-pilot's intervention in the pilot in command operation, in the final approach phase, already close to the aircraft's touchdown, configure the collaboration of this factor to the accident.
- The inadequate use of the aircraft commands, by the pilot in command, making excessive aileron corrections in the final approach phase, near the landing.
- The pilot was qualified as a co-pilot on the equipment, but due to a typing error, he was issued a pilot license. Thus, the situation and operation of the pilot in question were totally irregular.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24D in Mexico City

Date & Time: Nov 20, 1998
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Registration:
MTX-02
Flight Phase:
Takeoff (climb)
Flight Type:
Military
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Mexico City - Veracruz
MSN:
24-313
YOM:
1975
Location:
Mexico City-Benito Juarez
Federal District of Mexico City
Country:
Mexico
Region:
Central America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Mexico City-Benito Juárez Airport, at Vr, the pilot-in-command initiated the rotation but the aircraft failed to respond. For unknown reasons, the crew wait few seconds and attempted a second rotation but the aircraft still failed to respond. The captain decided to abort the takeoff and started an emergency braking procedure, deploying the tail parachute. Approaching the end of the runway, the pilot made a left turn then the aircraft veered off runway, lost its undercarriage and came to rest 150 metres further, bursting into flames. All seven occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Learjet 24B in Orlando

Date & Time: May 23, 1998 at 0330 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Panther Aviation
Registration:
N100DL
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Ambulance
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Miami - Orlando
MSN:
24-201
YOM:
1969
Location:
Orlando-Intl
Florida
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
18395
Captain / Total hours on type:
318.00
Aircraft flight hours:
8138
Circumstances:
During landing roll, the airplanes normal braking system failed as a result of hydraulic fluid leak(s). At the pilot's request, deployment of the drag chute and application of the emergency braking system was performed by the first officer. According to the first officer, application of the emergency brakes caused the airplane to yaw. The first officer then pulled up on the emergency brakes handle followed by re-application of braking pressure. This action took place several times during the landing roll. Gates' Learjet Flight Training Manual (Page 105) states, 'In using the emergency brake lever, slow steady downward pressure is required. Each time the lever is allowed to return upward to the normal position, nitrogen is evacuated overboard. Brace your hand so you will not allow the lever to move up and down inadvertently on a bumpy runway.' The airplane overran the end of the runway and collided with the Instrument Landing System back course antennae.
Probable cause:
The first officer's failure to perform proper emergency braking procedures.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24D in Tampico: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 2, 1998 at 1110 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Aerodinamo del Pacifico
Registration:
XA-RRK
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Charter/Taxi (Non Scheduled Revenue Flight)
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Houston - Tampico
MSN:
24-307
YOM:
1975
Location:
Tampico-General Francisco Javier Mina
Tamaulipas
Country:
Mexico
Region:
Central America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
10911
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5761
Aircraft flight hours:
8095
Circumstances:
On approach to Tampico-General Francisco Javier Mina Airport, the crew established on the ILS. The aircraft descended below the glide and MDA until it struck the ground and crashed in a lagoon located 12,8 km short of runway. A pilot and two passengers were killed while five other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The decision of the crew to continue the approach under VFR mode in IMC conditions (foggy conditions), allowing the aircraft to descend below the minimum descent altitude until impact with the ground.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24 in Muscatine

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1997 at 1428 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Air Cargo Express (Fort Wayne)
Registration:
N991TD
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Cargo
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
Schedule:
Fort Wayne – Muscatine
MSN:
24-124
YOM:
1966
Location:
Muscatine
Iowa
Country:
United States of America
Region:
North America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
6200
Captain / Total hours on type:
700.00
Circumstances:
According to the pilot, the airplane '...began moving to the left side of the runway...' immediately upon touchdown. He attempted to abort the landing but the airplane contacted snow at the runway's left edge. The airplane exited the runway's left edge and slid sideways, about 300 yards.
Probable cause:
The pilot's failure to maintain directional control. A factor was the snow covered runway edge.
Final Report:

Crash of a Learjet 24 in Posadas

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1995 at 1400 LT
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Medicorp
Registration:
LV-WMR
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Ferry
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Airport (less than 10 km from airport)
MSN:
24-135
YOM:
1966
Location:
Posadas-Libertador General José de San Martín
Misiones
Country:
Argentina
Region:
South America
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
On approach to Posadas-Libertador General José de San Martín Airport, the crew encountered low visibility due to foggy conditions. Despite the fact he was unable to establish a visual contact with the runway, the crew decided to continue the approach when the aircraft landed on the taxiway parallel to the runway. After a course of 800 metres, the aircraft overran, lost its undercarriage and came to rest. Both pilots escaped uninjured and the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
The crew continued the approach without establishing a proper visual contact with the runway and failed to initiate a go-around. The poor visibility caused by foggy conditions was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of a Learjet 24D in Kinshasa: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 18, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Learjet 24
Operator:
Registration:
9Q-CBC
Flight Phase:
Landing (descent or approach)
Flight Type:
Positioning
Survivors:
No
Site:
Plain, Valley
Schedule:
Cotonou - Kinshasa
MSN:
24-248
YOM:
1972
Location:
Kinshasa-N'Djili
Kinshasa City Province
Country:
Democratic Republic of Congo
Region:
Africa
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was cleared for a night visual approach to Kinshasa-N'Djili Airport. Weather conditions were good with a visibility over 10 km. On approach, ATC asked the crew to turn on the approach lights. Shortly later, the aircraft struck the ground and crashed 20 km short of runway 24 threshold. Both pilots were killed.
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