Crash of a Mitsubishi MU-2B-60 Marquise in Alief

Date & Time: Apr 28, 1971 at 2000 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N780Q
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas - Alief
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
2440
Captain / Total hours on type:
51.00
Circumstances:
On touchdown at Alief-Andrau Airpark, the right main gear collapsed. The airplane went out of control, veered off runway and came to rest. The pilot was seriously injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The right main gear collapsed on landing due to overload failure caused by an improper level off/touchdown on part of the pilot.
Final Report:

Crash of a Ted Smith 601 in Santa Fe: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 15, 1969 at 0915 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N7442S
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Santa Fe – Dallas
MSN:
61-0025-054
YOM:
1969
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll at Santa Fe Airport, the airplane failed to gain sufficient speed but the pilot did not abandoned the procedure and continued. After liftoff, the airplane encountered difficulties to gain height then stalled and crashed in flames. The aircraft was destroyed and both occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper operation of powerplant & powerplant controls and inadequate preflight preparation on part of the pilot. The following factors were reported:
- The pilot failed to abort takeoff,
- High density altitude,
- Lack of familiarity with aircraft,
- Takeoff made with mixture controls too lean,
- Density altitude about 8,200 feet,
- Insufficient runway for takeoff.
Final Report:

Crash of a Howard 500 in Charleston

Date & Time: Jul 10, 1969 at 1948 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N320L
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Washington DC – Dallas
MSN:
500-117
YOM:
1943
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7053
Captain / Total hours on type:
289.00
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude, en route from Washington-Dulles Airport to Dallas, the crew encountered technical problems with the right engine. Decision was taken to shut down the engine and to feather the propeller. The crew was then cleared to divert to Charleston-Kanawha Airport for an emergency landing. During the final approach, the pilot supervisor interfered verbally in the process and the airplane landed 3,000 feet down the runway 23 which is 5,600 feet long. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran and came to rest in flames on a dirt bank. All seven occupants evacuated safely and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the powerplant failure could not be determined. However, it was reported that the pilot-in-command misjudged distance and speed upon landing.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell 1121 Jet Commander in Fayetteville: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 1, 1968 at 1712 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N196KC
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas - Kansas City
MSN:
1121-068
YOM:
1966
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
5700
Captain / Total hours on type:
178.00
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 41,000 feet on an executive flight from Dallas to Kansas City, the crew encountered icing conditions when both engines failed almost simultaneously. The crew declared an emergency, started a rapid descent and was cleared to divert to Fayetteville-Drake Airport. On final, the airplane stalled and crashed in a field short of runway. A passenger was killed while seven other occupants were injured, some of them seriously.
Probable cause:
The accident was the consequence of the following factors:
- Improper operation of powerplant,
- Double engine failure caused by icing conditions,
- Improper emergency procedures on part of the flying crew,
- Icing conditions, including sleet and freezing rain,
- Lack of familiarity with the aircraft,
- Improper techniques used while attempting air starts,
- The undercarriage were lowered too soon on approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-188A Electra in Dawson: 85 killed

Date & Time: May 3, 1968 at 1548 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N9707C
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Houston - Dallas - Memphis
MSN:
1099
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
BN352
Location:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
80
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
85
Captain / Total flying hours:
10890
Captain / Total hours on type:
1380.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2568
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1820
Aircraft flight hours:
20958
Circumstances:
Braniff Flight 352 departed Houston (HOU) at 16:11 for a flight to Dallas (DAL) and climbed to FL200. Some 25 minutes into the flight, the L-188A Electra was approaching an area of severe thunderstorm activity. The crew requested a descent to FL150 and a deviation to the west. ARTCC then advised the crew that other aircraft were deviating to the east. The Electra crew still thought it looked all right on the west and were cleared to descend to FL140 and deviate to the west. At 16:44 the flight was further cleared to descend to 5000 feet. At 16:47 the aircraft had apparently encountered an area of bad weather, including hail, and requested (and were cleared for) a 180° turn. Subsequent to the initiation of a right turn, the aircraft was upset. During the upset, N9707C rolled to the right to a bank angle in excess of 90° and pitched nose-down to approximately 40 degrees. A roll recovery maneuver was initiated and the aircraft experienced forces of 4,35 g. Part of the right wing failed and the aircraft broke up at an altitude of 6750 feet and crashed in flames a little later. There was no survivor among the 85 occupants.
Probable cause:
The stressing of the aircraft structure beyond its ultimate strength during an attempted recovery from an unusual attitude induced by turbulence associated with a thunderstorm. The operation in the turbulence resulted from a decision to penetrate an area of known severe weather.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation in San Francisco: 4 killed

Date & Time: Feb 3, 1963 at 1207 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N9740Z
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Norfolk – Dallas – China Lake
MSN:
4851
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
SL40Z
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
18000
Captain / Total hours on type:
882.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
18600
Copilot / Total hours on type:
232
Aircraft flight hours:
4257
Circumstances:
A Slick Airways Lockheed 1049H, N9740Z, crashed and burned during an ILS approach to runway 28R at the San Francisco International Airport at approximately 1207 P.s.t., February 3, 1963. Due to an inoperative glide slope receiver, the crew was listening radar advisories on the localizer receiver for altitude information. The aircraft struck approach lights 1,170 feet from the runway threshold, climbed to about 200 feet and then crashed approximately 1,900 feet beyond the threshold and on the left edge of runway 28L. Of the three crew members and five passengers aboard, the captain, first officer, and two passengers received fatal injuries. The remaining persons aboard received serious injuries. The aircraft was destroyed by subsequent fire.
Probable cause:
The Board determines the probable cause of this accident was the continuation of an instrument approach after adequate visual reference was lost below authorized minimums. Inadequate monitoring of the instrument approach by the PAR controller was a contributing factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-188A Electra near Buffalo: 34 killed

Date & Time: Sep 29, 1959 at 2309 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N9705C
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Houston – Dallas – Washington DC – New York
MSN:
1090
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
BN542
Location:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
28
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
34
Captain / Total flying hours:
20726
Captain / Total hours on type:
68.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
11316
Copilot / Total hours on type:
95
Aircraft flight hours:
132
Circumstances:
Flight 542 departed the ramp at Houston at 2237LT, 22 minutes behind schedule with a total of 34 persons including a crew of six consisting of Captain Wilson Elza Stone, First Officer Dan Hollowell, Second Officer Roland Longhill, and Stewardesses Alvilyn Harrison, Betty Rusch and Leona Winkler, none of whom survived. The delayed departure was due to a mechanical discrepancy involving No. 3 generator. This generator was inoperative on arrival of N9705C at Houston. Prior to departure from Houston the Nos. 3 and 4 voltage regulators were interchanged. Actual gross weight upon departure was calculated at 83,252 pounds, including 17,000 pounds of fuel, and was 16,548 pounds less than the authorized gross weight of 99,800 pounds. The estimated time en route to Dallas was 41 minutes. The flight was given an instrument-flight-rules clearance which was to the Leona omni, via Victor Airway 13 west to the Gulf Coast intersection, direct to Leona, to maintain 2,300 feet altitude to Gulf Coast, then to climb to and maintain 9,000. At approximately 2240 the flight was cleared for takeoff and at 2242 it reported ready for takeoff and was airborne at 2244. After takeoff Houston departure control advised that it had the flight in radar contact and requested it to report when established outbound on the 345-degree radial of the Houston omni. Flight 542 complied and subsequently was cleared to 9,000 feet and advised to contact San Antonio Center on 121.1 mcs. upon passing the Gulf Coast intersection. Flight 542 reported to company radio at 2251 as blocking out of Houston at 37, taking off at 42, to cruise at 15,000 feet when so cleared, estimating Dallas at 2325, and that the Center had this information. At approximately 2252 Flight 542 reported to San Antonio Center as being over Gulf Coast intersection at 9,000 feet. The flight was then issued its destination clearance to the Dallas Airport via direct to Leona, direct to Trinidad, direct to Forney, direct to Dallas, to maintain 15,000 feet. The flight was cleared to climb to its cruising altitude. The next transmission from Flight 542 was to the San Antonio, Center, giving the time over Leona as 05 at 15,000. San Antonio Center acknowledged, and requested Flight 542 to change over and monitor the Fort Worth frequency of 120.8 mcs. at this time. The flight acknowledged. Shortly thereafter Flight 542 contacted company radio with a message for maintenance, advising that the generators were then OK out that there had been insufficient time for maintenance to insulate the terminal strip on No. 3 propeller at Houston and it would like to have it done in Dallas. At this time the flight also said it would give the communication center a Dallas estimate of 25. This was then followed by one other item for maintenance, which was that No. 3 sump pump was inoperative. This was the final transmission from the flight and was logged as completed at 2307. Structural failure of the aircraft occurred at approximately 2309 on course to the next fix, Trinidad intersection. The radial from Leona omni to Trinidad intersection is 344 degrees. The main wreckage was located 19.7 miles 2 north of Leona omni, 3.19 miles east-southeast of Buffalo, Texas. The time, 2309, correlates closely with the information obtained from witnesses to the accident as well as the time indicated on impact-stopped watches recovered at the scene. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all 34 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was structural failure of the left wing resulting from forces generated by undampened propeller whirl mode.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3DST-318 near Marshall: 19 killed

Date & Time: May 17, 1953 at 1415 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N28345
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas – Shreveport – Atlanta
MSN:
2224
YOM:
1940
Flight number:
DL318
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
19
Captain / Total flying hours:
7120
Captain / Total hours on type:
7120.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2114
Copilot / Total hours on type:
803
Aircraft flight hours:
39000
Circumstances:
Flight 318 departed Dallas, Texas, on a VFR Flight Plan at 1310, on time, for Atlanta, Georgia, with a scheduled stop at Shreveport, Louisiana. The crew consisted of Captain Douglas B. yolk, First Officer James P. Stewart and Stewardess Joanne Carlson; there were 17 passengers including one infant. The aircraft’s gross weight on departure from Dallas was 24,099 pounds, which was within the allowable weight of 25,200 pounds, and the center of gravity was within the prescribed limits. Flight 318 proceeded normally and at 1352 reported to the company station at Longview, Texas, that it was then west of Gladewater, Texas. Longview gave the flight the latest Shreveport weather which was dark scattered clouds at 1,000 feet, ceiling estimated 4,000 feet broken clouds, overcast at 20,000 feet, visibility 10 miles, thunderstorms, light rain showers, wind south 10. Remarks were thunderstorms south, occasional lightning cloud to cloud south. The flight was also advised by the company’s Longview operator that he had been watching thunderstorms east and southeast of the Longview field and suggested that the flight stay well to the north. Flight 318 answered “OK.” At 1408, in the vicinity of Marshall, Texas, the flight made a routine radio contact with Delta’s Shreveport station, during which it was given the Shreveport altimeter setting of 29.78. At this time the flight advised it was changing over to the Shreveport Control Tower frequency. At about 1412, four minutes later, Flight 318 called the Shreveport Control Tower, which cleared it to make a right-hard turn for landing approach to Runway 13 and gave the wind as southeast 10 miles per hour, Flight 318 acknowledged this message and requested the Shreveport weather which was transmitted as dark scattered clouds at 1,000 feet, ceiling estimated 4,000 feet, overcast at 20,000 feet, visibility 10 miles, thunderstorm, light rain shower. The tower also advised of a thunderstorm approximately 15 miles west of Shreveport. This transmission also was acknowledged by the flight. At 1416 the Shreveport Control Tower asked Flight 318 to give a position report. No reply was received, and a number of unsuccessful attempts were then made to contact the flight. At 1428 the tower was advised that an aircraft had crashed near Marshall, Texas. A passenger was seriously injured while 19 other occupants were killed. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was:
- the encountering of conditions in a severe thunderstorm that resulted in loss of effective control of the aircraft, and
- the failure of the captain to adhere to company directives requiring the avoidance of thunderstorms when conditions would allow such action.
The following findings were pointed out:
- The carrier had prepared adequate written instructions against the unnecessary traversing of thunderstorms,
- The captain should have had knowledge of these company instructions,
- While en route, close to and approaching the storm, it was suggested to the captain by company ground personnel that he stay well to the north to avoid the thunderstorm,
- The captain flew directly into the storm without changing course or altitude,
- The captain while on an airway proceeded from VFR into IFR weather without first obtaining an appropriate IFR clearance,
- A very intense localized thunderstorm, accompanied by frequent cloud-to-ground lightning, hail, heavy rain, turbulence, and high winds, was entered by the flight,
- The flight met extraordinary conditions within the storm and was forced to the ground,
- The carrier’s dispatching, pilot briefing and weather dissemination, were satisfactory.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-15-CU Commando in Jackson: 17 killed

Date & Time: Jun 14, 1945 at 1120 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-77948
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Dallas – Jackson
MSN:
33344
YOM:
1945
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Circumstances:
On approach to Jackson Airport, at a height of 3,000 feet, the aircraft was hit by lightning. The captain was unable to maintain the control of the aircraft that crashed in flames in a wooded area located near Oakridge Drive. A passenger survived while 17 other occupants were killed.
Crew:
Sgt Henry G. Beasley,
Pvt Clifford W. Canady,
Pvt Joe Capes Jr.,
1st Lt Edward Carnot,
Pfc Betty J. Coleman,
2nd Lt John N. Ferrier,
2nd Lt Donald E. Hiller,
Pvt Charles H . Hines,
1st Lt Elmer F. Irwin Jr.,
2nd Lt Robert A. Petty,
1st Lt Harry L. Provasco,
S/Sgt William Richards,
Cpl Willard O. Rogers,
Cpt William R. Ross.