Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II in Greensburg: 5 killed

Date & Time: Nov 6, 1993 at 0851 LT
Registration:
N41010
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Pontiac - Greensburg
MSN:
421B-0569
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
2900
Captain / Total hours on type:
225.00
Aircraft flight hours:
2600
Circumstances:
The pilot reported ice accretion en route to his destination and subsequently requested, and received a lower altitude from ATC. The flight was issued a clearance for a VOR-A approach to the Greensburg Airport, and was observed by a witness north of the airport to fly for a short period down runway 18 about seven feet above the runway. The witness then observed the airplane began to climb and fly off in a southerly direction. Other witnesses saw the airplane flying in the vicinity of the airport beneath an overcast ceiling estimated between 300 feet and 1,000 feet AGL. One witness, located about two miles south of the airport, saw the airplane turn sharply left, drop nose low, recover, drop nose low, and then descend from sight behind trees. Investigators and rescue personnel discovered a large amount of ice debris along the flight path and outside the fire ring at the crash site.
Probable cause:
An inadvertent stall by the pilot in command. Factors associated with the accident are the icing conditions and low ceilings.
Final Report:

Crash of a Mitsubishi MU-2B-60 Marquise in Greenwood: 5 killed

Date & Time: Sep 11, 1992 at 1457 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N74FB
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Greenwood - Columbus
MSN:
770
YOM:
1980
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
19473
Captain / Total hours on type:
9000.00
Aircraft flight hours:
4098
Circumstances:
The PA-32, N82419, had been receiving atc radar services en route to the Greenwood Municipal Airport. Radar services were terminated 3 miles from the airport. The MU-2, N74FB, had just taken off from the airport, and had reported to ATC in anticipation of receiving his IFR clearance. The flight had not yet been identified on radar. The two airplanes collided approximately 2 miles from the airport at 2,100 feet msl. The collision took place just outside and to the east of the Indianapolis airport radar service area (arsa). The MU-2 track was 066°, and the PA-32 track was 174°. The pax/pilot on the PA-32 took control of the airplane and was able to make a controlled landing. Guidance for traffic pattern operations and recommended arrival and departure procedures is found in the airman's information manual. All five occupants on board the MU-2 were killed.
Probable cause:
The inherent limitations of the see-and-avoid concept of separation of aircraft operating under visual flight rules that precluded the pilots of the MU-2 and the PA-32 from recognizing a collision hazard and taking actions to avoid the midair collision. Contributing to the cause of the accident was the failure of the MU-2 pilot to use all the air traffic control services available by not activating his instrument flight rules flight plan before takeoff. Also contributing to the cause of the accident was the failure of both pilots to follow recommended traffic pattern procedures, as recommended in the airman's information manual, for airport arrivals and departures.
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-61-601P Aerostar (Ted Smith 601P) in Aurora: 1 killed

Date & Time: Sep 8, 1992 at 1540 LT
Registration:
N717BB
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Vandalia – Memphis
MSN:
61-0825-8063433
YOM:
1980
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
3100
Captain / Total hours on type:
1100.00
Aircraft flight hours:
1284
Circumstances:
The pilot was on second corporate flight of the day and complained to the avionics technician about the autopilot and asked him to adjust it. The technician said it would require a flight check. The pilot said he didn't have time for that, and got the technician to tell him how to perform the adjustment. Radar shows the airplane stable at 14,100 feet after departure. It then begins to deviate from cruise altitude between plus 100 feet to minus 200 feet. Center gives the pilot a 15° course change for traffic and the pilot acknowledges the instruction while the airplane is deviating off course. Radar contact was lost and no further radio transmissions were received from the pilot. Witnesses on the ground reported hearing a loud explosion followed by a muffled explosion, and seeing the airplane exit clouds vertically. The outboard six feet of both wings were found 1.25 miles from crash site. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Exceeding the design stress limits of the airplane by the pilot in command.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed C-130B Hercules in Evansville: 17 killed

Date & Time: Feb 6, 1992 at 1000 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
58-0732
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Evansville - Evansville
MSN:
3527
YOM:
1959
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
17
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training flight at Evansville-William H. Dress Airport on behalf of the Kentucky National Guard, consisting of touch-and-go maneuvers. On approach to runway 22, the crew was instructed by ATC to initiate a go-around for unknown reasons. The crew increased engine power and climbed to a height of 1,500 feet when the aircraft entered a nose down attitude, plunged and crashed onto an hotel located 4,800 feet short of runway 22 threshold. The aircraft, the hotel and a restaurant were destroyed. All five crew members as well as 11 people on the hotel/restaurant were killed. A police officer who was seriously injured in the accident died from his injuries 10 days later.
Probable cause:
It is believed that the loss of control was the consequence of negligences on part of the crew who maintained an insufficient speed while initiating a go-around procedure, causing the aircraft to suffer an aerodynamic stall.

Crash of a Piper PA-46-310P Malibu in Bristol: 3 killed

Date & Time: May 31, 1989 at 1606 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N9114B
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tullahoma – Kalamazoo
MSN:
46-8408046
YOM:
1984
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1619
Captain / Total hours on type:
17.00
Aircraft flight hours:
705
Circumstances:
After being cleared to descend to 12,000 feet and to deviate around a 'big cell', the aircraft entered an area of level two and three thunderstorms. Subsequently, an in-flight breakup occurred and wreckage was scattered over a four mile area. During the breakup, the right wing and empennage separated from the aircraft. The left wing and spar also failed at the same location as the right wing, but the left wing remained with the fuselage. No pre-accident failure, malfunction or metal fatigue of the aircraft was found drg the investigation. All three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Continued flight by the pilot into known adverse weather and his exceeding the design stress limits of the aircraft, which resulted in failure of the wing spars and separation of the right wing and empennage (stabilizers). Contributing factors were: continued flight by the pilot above the maneuvering speed (va), his lack of familiarity with the make and model of aircraft, and thunderstorms.
Final Report:

Crash of a NAMC YS-11A-300F in West Lafayette: 2 killed

Date & Time: Mar 15, 1989 at 0726 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N128MP
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Terre Haute - West Lafayette
MSN:
2139
YOM:
1970
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
7294
Captain / Total hours on type:
2097.00
Aircraft flight hours:
24088
Circumstances:
An IFR flight was terminated with a visual approach. Conditions were conducive to airframe icing. The aircraft was being positioned empty, with a cg at 22.1% mac. On short final, at approximately 400 feet agl, 35° of landing flap was selected. The aircraft was observed to pitch downward to an unusual attitude and to enter a steep descent. A partial recovery was observed before the aircraft impacted a dirt hill 500 feet short of runway 28. Examination of the airframe after the accident revealed 1/2 to 3/4 inch of rime ice adhering to the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer. No ice was found on any other portion of the airframe. Evidence in the cockpit indicated that engine, pitot, and windshield anti-ice systems were on, but wing/empennage deice was off. No evidence of a powerplant or systems malfunction was found. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
A loss of control due to the improper inflight decisions by the crew and the undetected accumulation of ice on the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer, during flight in a forward center of gravity condition and exacerbated by the extension of full landing flaps.
Final Report:

Crash of a NAMC YS-11A-213 in Remington

Date & Time: Jan 13, 1987 at 1354 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N906TC
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Indianapolis - West Lafayette
MSN:
2154
YOM:
1970
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3913
Captain / Total hours on type:
1381.00
Circumstances:
The flight crew failed to adhere to appropriate procedures and directives when they failed to select the hp cock levers to the hswl (lock out) position while performing an approach to landing stall during a training/test flight. When stall recovery was initiated, both propellers 'hung up' when the high (cruise pitch) stops of each propeller failed to withdraw. As the power levers were advanced, turbine gas temperatures (tgt's) exceeded limitations; the left propeller auto-feathered, the right propeller was later feathered by the captain. Restart procedures were attempted without success, and a forced landing in a plowed cornfield ensued. Examination of the engines revealed that the turbines had been 'subjected to severe (and destructive) thermal degradation during operation' as a result of the propellers being constrained during low speed operations. Testing of the relays revealed that the high stop withdrawal relay for the right propeller functioned intermittently. All three crew members escaped uninjured.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: airframe/component/system failure/malfunction
Phase of operation: maneuvering
Findings
1. (c) procedures/directives - not followed - pilot in command
2. (f) inattentive - pilot in command
3. (c) powerplant controls - improper use of - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: loss of engine power (total) - mech failure/malf
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
Findings
4. Turbine assembly - overtemperature
5. Emergency procedure - attempted - pilot in command
6. Propeller system/accessories, feathering system - engaged
7. Propeller feathering - performed - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #3: forced landing
Phase of operation: descent - emergency
----------
Occurrence #4: gear not extended
Phase of operation: landing - flare/touchdown
Findings
8. Terrain condition - open field
9. (c) wheels up landing - intentional - pilot in command
10. Terrain condition - rough/uneven
Final Report:

Crash of a Piper PA-31T Cheyenne II in Merrillville: 1 killed

Date & Time: Dec 30, 1986 at 0254 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N74NL
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Louisville - Chicago
MSN:
31-7720010
YOM:
1977
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2170
Captain / Total hours on type:
140.00
Aircraft flight hours:
6888
Circumstances:
The aircraft was enroute to the Chicago Midway Airport. While letting down to 16,000 feet the pilot reported he was shutting down the right engine. ARTCC cleared the aircraft to 5,000 feet. Ten minutes later ARTCC lost radio transponder and mode C contact. 15 minutes later the aircraft descended out of the 1,800 feet overcast and struck a 170 feet utility tower at the 150 feet level. The aircraft then ground impacted and burned. Investigation revealed that the right engine had a bearing failure due to lack of lubrication. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: loss of engine power (partial) - mech failure/malf
Phase of operation: descent - normal
Findings
1. (f) engine assembly, bearing - distorted
2. (f) engine assembly, bearing - binding (mechanical)
3. Emergency procedure - inadequate - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: airframe/component/system failure/malfunction
Phase of operation: descent - normal
Findings
4. (f) electrical system - failure, total
5. (f) lack of familiarity with aircraft - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #3: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: unknown
Findings
6. (c) proper altitude - not maintained - pilot in command
7. (f) flight/nav instruments - failure, partial
8. (f) minimum descent altitude - not maintained - pilot in command
9. Anxiety/apprehension - pilot in command
10. (f) light condition - dark night
11. (c) descent - misjudged - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #4: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Aero Commander 500 in Hagerstown

Date & Time: Dec 12, 1986 at 0324 LT
Registration:
N116CA
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Akron - Mount Vernon
MSN:
500-1133-75
YOM:
1961
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3150
Captain / Total hours on type:
200.00
Aircraft flight hours:
11034
Circumstances:
The pilot was on the fourth leg of a night cargo flight cruising at approximately 500 feet agl enroute to Mt Vernon, IL, when the aircraft struck some trees and subsequently collided with the ground. The engines and propellers were both torn down and tested and no evidence of malfunction was discovered. The pilot stated he did not recall the crash sequence at all. The pilot was wearing a 'walkman' radio at the time of the accident. He stated it was to help keep him awake, because he had fallen asleep at times in the past while flying night cargo.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: in flight collision with object
Phase of operation: cruise
Findings
1. Object - tree(s)
2. (c) altitude - not maintained - pilot in command
3. Fatigue (flight schedule) - pilot in command
4. (f) light condition - night
5. (c) judgment - poor - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: in flight collision with terrain/water
Phase of operation: descent - uncontrolled
Final Report:

Crash of a Hawker-Siddeley HS. 125-1A-522 in Bedford: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 2, 1986 at 1806 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N50HH
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Toledo – Bedford
MSN:
25022
YOM:
1965
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
6544
Captain / Total hours on type:
605.00
Circumstances:
The pilot canceled IFR 8 miles from the airport to continue on a visual approach and landing. Witnesses stated a strong thunderstorm had just passed over the airport. Wind info issued to the pilot by unicom were west at 20 knots. Witnesses observed the aircraft approach runway 31 and execute a go-around before touchdown. The aircraft circled left to a runway 06 (almost direct downwind) approach. Touchdown occurred about 2/3 down the 3,100 feet long runway. The engines were heard to spool up to high power (no thrust reversers) but the aircraft did not become airborne. It overran the runway into rough terrain and caught fire. Investigation showed the landing gear was down, flaps were at approach setting and speed brakes were fully deployed. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
Occurrence #1: overrun
Phase of operation: landing
Findings
1. (f) wrong runway - selected - pilot in command
2. (f) weather condition - tailwind
3. (c) proper touchdown point - not attained - pilot in command
4. (c) go-around - delayed - pilot in command
5. (f) speed brakes - improper use of - pilot in command
----------
Occurrence #2: on ground/water encounter with terrain/water
Phase of operation: landing
Findings
6. (f) terrain condition - rough/uneven
Final Report: