Crash of a Learjet 25 in Lincoln: 3 killed

Date & Time: Sep 25, 1973 at 0618 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N40LB
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Lincoln - Omaha
MSN:
25-009
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
2690
Circumstances:
The takeoff from Lincoln Airport was initiated in low ceiling and fog. Just after liftoff, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed. The aircraft was destroyed and all three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Loss of control in initial climb following an inadequate preflight preparation on part of the crew. The following factors were reported:
- Low ceiling and fog,
- Poor crew coordination,
- The pilot-in-command was rated in this model the previous day.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft C90 King Air in Cedar Rapids: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jan 3, 1973 at 1722 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N936K
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Omaha - Cedar Rapids
MSN:
LJ-539
YOM:
1972
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
4225
Captain / Total hours on type:
25.00
Circumstances:
The crew started an ILS approach to Cedar Rapids Airport in poor weather conditions when control was lost. The airplane dove into the ground and crashed in an open field located few miles from the airport. The twin engine airplane was totally destroyed and all five occupants have been killed. It was determined that in poor weather conditions, the left wing, left engine and tail separated in flight, causing the aircraft to be uncontrollable.
Probable cause:
Improper in-flight decisions on part of the pilot-in-command who exceeded the designed stress limits of the aircraft. The following factors were reported:
- Overload failure,
- Separation in flight,
- Low ceiling, fog and snow,
- Turbulences associated with clouds and thunderstorms,
- Began the descent to ILS approach too late,
- It is believed that the crew expedited the descent,
- The left wing, the left engine and the tail separated in flight.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed 10A Electra in Eldon

Date & Time: Apr 18, 1970 at 0930 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N94N
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Fort Leonard Wood – Omaha
MSN:
1101
YOM:
1937
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While in cruising altitude, the right engine lost power. Unable to maintain the assigned altitude, the crew decided to attempt an emergency landing. The airplane belly landed in a prairie and slid for dozen yards before coming to rest. All 12 occupants were uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Engine failure in flight caused by a contaminated fuel by water. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Water in fuel,
- Intentional wheels-up landing,
- The pilot-in-command failed to follow the approved procedures,
- Improper emergency procedures,
- Partial loss of power on one engine,
- Water and rust found in the right engine carburetor,
- Improper single engine procedures.
Final Report:

Crash of a BAc 111-203AE in Falls City: 42 killed

Date & Time: Aug 6, 1966 at 2312 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1553
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
New Orleans – Shreveport – Fort Smith – Tulsa – Kansas City – Omaha – Minneapolis
MSN:
70
YOM:
1965
Flight number:
BN250
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
37
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
42
Captain / Total flying hours:
20767
Captain / Total hours on type:
549.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9296
Copilot / Total hours on type:
685
Aircraft flight hours:
2307
Aircraft flight cycles:
2922
Circumstances:
Flight 250 was a scheduled domestic passenger/cargo flight from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Minneapolis, Minnesota, with intermediate stops at Shreveport, Louisiana, Fort Smith, Arkansas, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Kansas City, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska. The flight departed from New Orleans at 1835 hours CST and arrived at Kansas City without reported incident. It departed from Kansas City at 2255 hours on an IFR clearance to Omaha via Jet Route 41 at FL 200. Just prior to take-off, the flight was restricted to 5 000 ft due to conflicting traffic. When the flight was about 12 miles north of Kansas City, control of the aircraft was transferred to the Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Centre (ARTCC). Radar contact was confirmed and the flight was cleared to climb to and maintain FL 200. After some discussion with ARTCC about the weather the flight crew advised that they would like to maintain 5 000 ft to Omaha. They reported they were at 6 000 ft and ARTCC cleared the flight to maintain that altitude until 5 000 ft was available. At 2303 hours the Kansas City ARTCC initiated a transfer of control of the flight to the Chicago ARTCC but before the transfer could be accomplished the flight requested and received permission from the Kansas City controller to deviate to the left of course. At 2306 hours the Kansas City controller cleared the flight to descend to and maintain 5 000 ft and contact the Chicago ARTCC. After some discussion of the weather as it was displayed on the Chicago controller's radar, the flight was advised that another Braniff flight, Flight 255, was on the same frequency and was at 10 000 ft climbing to 17 000 ft after departing Omaha. The crews of the two aircraft exchanged weather information and the crew of Flight 255 advised that they had encountered light to moderate turbulence from about 15 miles southeast of the Omaha airport and that it appeared they would be out of it in another 10 miles based on their radar observations. Flight 250 terminated this conversation at approximately 2308:30 hours. This was the last transmission received from the flight. Ground witnesses stated that they observed the aircraft approach and either fly into or over a shelf of clouds preceding a line of thunderstorms that was approaching frbm the north and northwest, and that shortly thereafter they saw an explosion in the sky followed by a fireball falling out of the clouds. The aircraft crashed at approximately 2312 hours, 7.6 statute miles on a true bearing of 024.50 from Falls City, Nebraska, at an elevation of 1 078 ft AMSL. All 42 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determined that the probable cause of this accident was in-flight structural failure caused by extreme turbulence during operation of the aircraft in an area of avoidable hazardous weather. The following findings were reported:
The aircraft was confronted with a severe squall line which was oriented across its intended flight route. This system was adequately forecast and reported by the Weather Bureau; however, the company forecast was somewhat inaccurate with respect to the number and intensity of thunderstorms and the intensity of the associated turbulence in the system. The crew was aware of the forecast weather and was aware that the system could have been circumnavigated to the west. This was, in fact, suggested by the co-pilot.
Because the company forecast did not predict a solid line of thunderstorms, the company dispatcher did not take any action to delay or to reroute the flight. However, the dispatcher did not relay to the crew information which might have persuaded the pilot- in-command to avoid the storm system. In fact, when the dispatcher was informed of the efforts of other aircraft to avoid the squall line, he should have recommended avoidance action to Flight 250.
In spite of his apparent concern were the en-route weather and his knowledge that the squall line was quite solid, the pilot-in-command elected to penetrate the line using his airborne weather radar to select a "light" area.
Flight 250 never reached the main squall line. Instead, the aircraft broke up in a roll cloud approximately 5 miles from the nearest radar weather echo. At this ti= the aircraft was at the proper configuration and airspeed for flight in turbulence and the autopilot was engaged.
Flight 250 encountered extreme turbulence generated by the strong horizontal and vertical wind shears associated with the outflow of cold air from the approaching squall line. This turbulence probably caused a large angled gust of very short duration with components in the lateral, vertical, and longitudinal planes.
The forces and accelerations produced by this encounter caused the fin and right tailplane to reach their ultimate loads, with near-simultaneous failures resulting. The aircraft then pitched downward until the right wing reached its negative ultimate load. The loss of these components rendered the aircraft uncontrollable and shortly afterward it probably began a random tumbling motion which stabilized some time before impact into a flat-spinning attitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a Hawker-Siddeley HS.125-1A in Des Moines

Date & Time: Feb 24, 1966 at 1357 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1135K
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Des Moines – Omaha
MSN:
25019
YOM:
1965
Location:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7330
Captain / Total hours on type:
375.00
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll, the pilot-in-command attempted to rotate when an unexpected situation was encountered. The captain decided to abort the takeoff and started an emergency braking procedure. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran and struck ditches before coming to rest in a field. While all four passengers were unhurt, both pilots were seriously injured. The aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
Inadequate preflight preparation on part of the crew who attempted to takeoff with the gust locks still engaged. Delayed action in aborting the takeoff was considered as a contributing factor.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-8-12 in Denver: 18 killed

Date & Time: Jul 11, 1961 at 1136 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N8040U
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Philadelphia – Chicago – Omaha – Denver
MSN:
45307
YOM:
1961
Flight number:
UA859
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
115
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
18
Captain / Total flying hours:
17631
Captain / Total hours on type:
168.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9839
Aircraft flight hours:
124
Circumstances:
On July 11, 1961, at 1136 M.S.T., a United Air Lines DC-8 crashed during its landing roll at Stapleton Airfield, Denver, Colorado. None of the 122 occupants was severely injured as an immediate result of the impact; however, there were 16 passenger fatalities as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning when the aircraft burned. One other passenger, an elderly woman, broke both ankles during evacuation of the airplane and later succumbed to shock. In addition, the driver of a panel truck, which the aircraft struck after leaving the runway, also suffered fatal injuries. After experiencing hydraulic difficulties following takeoff from Omaha, Nebraska, the crew of N8040U continued the flight to Denver, using procedures set forth in the flight manual for abnormal hydraulic situations. When the flight arrived in the Denver area, preparations were made for landing. The ejectors were extended hydraulically, however, when an attempt was made to extend flaps to 25 degrees the hydraulic pressure dropped to zero. The hydraulic system selector was then placed in the No. 3 position (flap and gear downlock), and the approach was continued. After touchdown, the throttles were placed in the idle reverse thrust position and when power was applied, an uncontrollable deviation from the runway occurred.
Probable cause:
The Board determines the probable cause of this accident was the asymmetric thrust which, during hydraulic emergency, resulted from the failure of the thrust reversers on engines Nos. 1 and 2 when reverse thrust was selected. A contributing factor was the failure of the first officer to monitor the thrust reverse indicator lights when applying reverse thrust.
Final Report:

Crash of a Convair CV-340-13 near Dexter

Date & Time: Jan 19, 1955 at 1625 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N73154
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Newark – Allentown – Youngstown – Akron – Cleveland – Chicago – Moline – Iowa City – Des Moines – Omaha – Lincoln
MSN:
180
YOM:
1954
Flight number:
UA329
Location:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
36
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
7578
Captain / Total hours on type:
750.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2123
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1147
Aircraft flight hours:
1502
Circumstances:
Flight 329 departed Des Moines on a VFR (Visual Flight Reed) night plan at 1608 for Omaha, Nebraska. The gross weight of the aircraft was 45,215 pounds 1,685 pounds less than the allowable 46,900 pounds. According to company records, the load was properly distributed with respect to the canter of gravity of the aircraft. The climb to 5,000 feet was uneventful but at that altitude the crew noticed vibration and a slight fore-and-aft movement of the control column. The climb was continued to 6,000 feet, where the aircraft was leveled off and power was reduced. As the vibration was still present at this time, the captain attempted to dampen it by engaging the autopilot; however, this was unsuccessful and it was immediately disengaged. The first officer next lowered the flaps, first to 5 degrees and then to 15 degrees, without any noticeable effect. The “Fasten Seat Belt" sign was turned on and the captain told the first officer to advise the company of their difficulty via radio. About this time a sudden failure in the control system was felt and it was with extreme difficulty that any semblance of elevator control was maintained. The first officer again tried lowering the flaps, this time to the 24-degree position, but as this did not help to maintain control he returned them to the 15-degree position, where it was found the most favorable results were attained. Accordingly, the first officer transmitted "Mayday” (distress call) on the radio and said that they were attempting to return to Des Moines but were experiencing control trouble. The buffeting became so severe it was then necessary for the copilot to help the can hold the control column. However, the buffeting lessened and the captain advised the first officer to depressurize the aircraft and tell the stewardess to prepare the passengers for an emergency landing. This was done. By that time the aircraft had descended below 3,000 feet. Both throttles were retarded in turn to see if the trouble could possibly be caused by one of the engines. This also proved to no avail. The vibration built up to high level and suddenly another failure in the control system was felt and the air-plane went into a steep climb. As it seemed that a stall was imminent, the captain quickly moved the propellers to a high r. p. m. and pushed the throttles forward until about 50 inches of manifold pressure was seen on the gauges. The airplane then nosed over and began to dive at a very steep angle. During this rapid descent the captain reduced power and headed toward open country to his right. When the aircraft reached 500 feet above the ground the captain was successful in flaring the aircraft and it struck the ground in a flat attitude. All occupants were quickly deplaned as soon as the aircraft stopped.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was a series of omissions made by maintenance personnel during a scheduled inspection which resulted in the release of the aircraft in an unairworthy condition and an almost complete loss of elevator control during flight. The following findings were reported:
- During a routine maintenance inspection of the aircraft an explanation was not written on the non-routine job card that the bolt had been removed and replaced finger-tight pending the arrival of a new bolt,
- Final inspection of the servo tab system failed to disclose its unairworthy condition and the aircraft was released for service,
- Vibration backed off an unsafetied not in the servo tab system resulting in a sequence of structural failures that ended in almost complete loss of control of the aircraft elevators.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3A in Sioux City: 16 killed

Date & Time: Mar 2, 1951 at 0912 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N19928
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kansas City – Omaha – Sioux City – Minneapolis
MSN:
7400
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
MD016
Location:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
16
Captain / Total flying hours:
8585
Captain / Total hours on type:
6971.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3695
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1445
Aircraft flight hours:
28202
Circumstances:
Flight 16 departed Kansas City, Missouri, at 0724LT, bound for Omaha, Nebraska, Sioux City, Iowa, and other intermediate stops with final destination as Minneapolis, Minnesota. The crew consisted of Captain James H. Graham, First Officer Philip K. Toler, and Stewardess Marilyn Woodbury. Ernest F. Eilert, a trainee copilot, was riding in the cockpit as the fourth crew member. From Kansas City, the aircraft carried 21 passengers, cargo, and fuel, which resulted in a total gross weight of 25,100 pounds, which was within the certificated unit of 25,200 pounds The load was properly distributed with relation to the center of gravity of the aircraft. Weather conditions over the intended route were instrument with a general overcast lowering from 4,200 feet at Kansas City to about 1,000 feet at Omaha. No difficulty was experienced as the flight proceeded to Omaha at 4,000 feet in accordance with an instrument flight plan. A normal landing was made on Runway 11 about 1,000 feet from its approach end, but near the completion of the landing roll the aircraft ran off the right side of the runway, passing over one of the high intensity runway lights. Captain Graham reported this to one of the ground crew at Omaha, and both the aircraft and light were inspected for damage. None was found and the aircraft was prepared for departure to Sioux City. At 0841 the flight took off for Sioux City on an instrument flight plan with Omaha as the alternate airport. There were 21 passengers, 920 pounds of cargo, and 1,500 pounds of fuel, which resulted in a take-off weight of 24,630 pounds. The take-off was without incident and no difficulty was encountered en route to Sioux City, the flight proceeding at 3,000 feet altitude. At 0904 Flight 16 reported over the Sloan Fan Marker, 11.9 miles south-southeast of the approach end of Runway 35 at the Sioux City Airport. It was immediately cleared by the Sioux City Airport tower for a “straight-in” approach and landing on Runway 35. Weather information was furnished to the flight as precipitation, ceiling 500 feet, sky obscured, visibility one mile in light snow showers, and wind from the east at 14 miles per hour. The medium-intensity lights for Runway 17/35 were turned on and placed at the position of full brilliance. Following receipt of this information, the flight requested permission to land to the southeast on Runway 13 and received clearance to do so. At 0909 the flight reported that it was contact over the southeast corner of the field and was cleared to land. At the same time the aircraft was seen by a ground witness one mile southeast of the airport. Shortly thereafter, it was sighted approximately over the intersection of Runways 4/22 and 17/35 on an east-southeast heading. A left climbing turned to the north was then made and the pilot was advised that he was cleared to land on either Runway 17 or Runway 13. The pilot was also advised by the tower that there would be a 90-degree cross-wind if he elected to land on Runway 17. All transmissions to the flight were acknowledged The aircraft was not further observed, and crashed about 600 feet north and west of the approach end of Runway 17. Fire developed immediately. Three crew members and 13 passengers were killed while nine other occupants were seriously injured. The aircraft was destroyed by fire.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was a stall during a left turn too close to the ground to effect recovery.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46E-1-CS in Denver: 2 killed

Date & Time: Feb 14, 1947 at 0420 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC59486
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Chicago – Omaha – Denver
MSN:
2944
YOM:
1945
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
4999
Captain / Total hours on type:
605.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5542
Copilot / Total hours on type:
992
Aircraft flight hours:
2418
Circumstances:
While on final approach to runway 21 in poor weather conditions, the aircraft was too low and hit a hill located less than one mile from the runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and both crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the momentary loss of control or overcontrol by the pilot at a critically low altitude in the final stages of an ILS approach. A contributing factor was the failure of the safety pilot to remain alert to the altitude of the aircraft.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Moline: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 21, 1946 at 0419 LT
Registration:
NC51878
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Chicago – Omaha
MSN:
4542
YOM:
1942
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
22
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
2589
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3452
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1500
Aircraft flight hours:
4121
Circumstances:
The aircraft left Chicago Airport at 0303LT bound for Omaha on a charter flight with 22 passengers and a crew of three on board. Less than one hour into the flight, while cruising at an altitude of 4,000 feet via the route Green 3, a small explosion occurred in the left engine, forcing the crew to shut this engine down and to feather the propeller. The captain informed ATC of his situation and obtained the permission to divert to Moline Airport located 35 miles from his position. On final approach to runway 22, the captain realized that his position to the runway centerline was wrong and elected to make a go around. With undercarriage and flaps down, he made a turn to the left when the left wing tip hit the ground, causing the aircraft to crash in a field. Both pilots were killed while 23 other occupants were injured, some of them seriously. The aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
On the basis of the foregoing, the Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the faulty execution of an emergency single engine approach following failure of the left engine in flight. A contributing factor was the failure of the pilot to exercise sufficient caution by having, a qualified mechanic determine the reasons for oil leakage in the left engine prior to departure from Chicago. Investigations revealed that the failure of the left engine was caused by a fracture of the cylinder number 5.
Final Report: