Crash of a Grumman S-2 Tracker in Corsica: 1 killed

Date & Time: Aug 25, 1996
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
F-ZBFO
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bastia - Marseille
MSN:
419
YOM:
1959
Flight number:
Pélican 16
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The pilot departed Bastia Airport on a flight to Marseille when he was called for a last fire fighting mission in the afternoon. While flying at low height over hilly terrain, the aircraft struck obstacles and crashed in a wooded area, bursting into flames. The pilot, sole on board, was killed.

Crash of a Canadair CL-215-1A10 in Lake Fanaco: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 30, 1996
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
I-CFSU
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1074
YOM:
1985
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a fire fighting mission and was supposed to land on Lake Fanaco to proceed to a scooping manoeuvre. For unknown reasons, the aircraft landed hard, causing the hull to rupture. The aircraft sank and was lost. A pilot was killed and the second was injured.

Crash of a PZL-Mielec AN-2R in Skopje: 2 killed

Date & Time: Sep 16, 1995
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
Z3-BGE
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
1G111-14
YOM:
1969
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances while engaged in a fire fighting mission near Skopje, killing both pilots.

Crash of a Douglas C-54G-15-DO Skymaster in Ramona: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jun 21, 1995 at 1108 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N4989P
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Hemet - Ramona
MSN:
36082
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
Tanker 19
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
6100
Aircraft flight hours:
23507
Circumstances:
A Douglas C-54G & Beech 58P were on a fire suppression mission with the USDA Forest Service. The C-54 (Tanker 19) was being used as an aerial tanker, while the Beech 58 (Lead 56) was on a lead operation. Lead 56 departed the fire area about 5 minutes before Tanker 19. Both airplanes proceeded to an uncontrolled airport at Ramona, CA, for landing on runway 27 with a 360° overhead approach. Tanker 19 was on the initial approach about 1 mile east of the airport, when the two planes collided. Investigation revealed that Lead 56 struck the vertical stabilizer of Tanker 19, while descending. The empennages of both airplanes separated, and both crashed in uncontrolled descents. Before the accident, a Grumman S2 pilot was following Tanker 19. While in a shallow descent to the airport, he saw Tanker 19 slightly below the horizon and heard Tanker 19 make two calls (at 8 and 2 miles on initial approach). He also heard a transmission from Lead 56 moments before the collision, but did not see Lead 56, nor was he watching Tanker 19 when the collision occurred. Investigators were unable to determine Lead 56's activities after departing the fire area. Transmissions were heard from Lead 56 on the forest service tactical (operations) frequency when the plane was within 10 miles of the airport. Moments before the collision, Lead 56 was heard on the airport's common traffic advisory frequency (ctaf). Forest service procedures required that all pilots transmit their position on the ctaf within 10 miles of the airport. The forest service had not made arrangements with the airport manager to perform overhead approaches, nor were parameters published for initial approach altitude or airspeed.
Probable cause:
Inadequate visual lookout by the Beech 58P pilot, and the operator's inadequate procedures concerning 360° overhead approaches.
Final Report:

Crash of a Grumman S-2F Tracker in Quesnel

Date & Time: Aug 28, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-GHNU
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
351
YOM:
1957
Flight number:
Tanker 72
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, was engaged in a fire fighting mission in the region of Quesnel. While cruising at an altitude of 6,500 feet, the pilot realized that the oil pressure on the left engine dropped while oil was leaking. He decided to shut down the left engine but mistakenly activated the fire extinguishing system on the right engine, causing the right engine to stop as well. In such conditions, he reduced his altitude and attempted to ditch the aircraft in the Fraser River near Quesnel. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and the pilot was slightly injured.

Crash of a Lockheed C-130A Hercules near Pearblossom: 3 killed

Date & Time: Aug 13, 1994 at 1331 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N135FF
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Hemet - Hemet
MSN:
3148
YOM:
1957
Flight number:
Tanker 82
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
11000
Captain / Total hours on type:
2000.00
Aircraft flight hours:
20300
Circumstances:
While in level flight, the airplane's right wing separated and, during the separation sequence, wing fuel ignited. Subsequent laboratory examination of right-side, center-wing fragments revealed two fatigue cracks that propagated to overstress fractures. One of the cracks was within the underside wing skin below a doubler, and the other was within the doubler itself. The total size and origin of the fatigue regions could not be determined due to damage to fracture surfaces and a lack of available material. The airplane was delivered new to the U.S. Air Force in December 1957 and was retired from military service in 1986. In May 1990, the FAA issued a restricted-category special airworthiness certificate authorizing the airplane to dispense aerial fire retardant. At the time of the accident, the airplane had a total of 20,289 flight hours, 19,547 of which were acquired during its military service. The inspection and maintenance programs used by the operator, which were based on military standards, included general visual inspections for cracks but did not include enhanced or focused inspections of highly stressed areas, such as the wing sections, where the fatigue cracks that led to those accidents were located. The operator did not possess the engineering expertise necessary to conduct studies and engineering analysis to define the stresses associated with the firefighting operating environment and to predict the effects of those stresses on the operational life of the airplanes.
Probable cause:
The inflight failure of the right wing due to fatigue cracking in the underside right wing skin and overlying doubler. A factor contributing to the accident was inadequate maintenance procedures to detect fatigue cracking.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed P-2V Neptune near Missoula: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 29, 1994 at 1600 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N918AP
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Missoula - Missoula
MSN:
726-7186
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
Tanker 04
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed Missoula on a fire fighting mission under callsign Tanker 04. The crew apparently became fixated on the malfunction of the retardant-release doors and did not realize the tanker was entering a narrow box canyon when it struck the slope of Mt Squaw located about 20 miles northwest of Missoula Airport. The aircraft was destroyed and both pilots were killed.

Crash of an Antonov AN-32P in Banyeres de Mariola: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jul 6, 1994
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
UR-48018
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Valencia - Valencia
MSN:
003
YOM:
1983
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Aircraft flight hours:
831
Aircraft flight cycles:
1102
Circumstances:
Operated by Heliservicio on behalf of the Civil Security of Spain, the aircraft was leased from Antonov Design Bureau. That day, the crew was engaged in a fire fighting mission in the region of Banyeres de Mariola, in the Sierra de Mariola, about 90 km south of Valencia. The crew approached the fire zone at a too low altitude, dropped the water load too late, causing the aircraft to stall while trying to 'hop' over a mountain. The aircraft struck the ground and crashed some 10 metres below the summit. A crew member was seriously injured while five other occupants were killed.
injured

Crash of a Canadair CL-215-1A10 near Patras: 2 killed

Date & Time: Aug 22, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
1064
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Elefsis - Elefsis
MSN:
1064
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was engaged in a fire fighting mission in the region of Patras. Following a scooping mission, it is believed the pilot encountered control problems when the aircraft crashed on hilly terrain, bursting into flames. Both pilots were killed.

Crash of a Grumman TS-2A Tracker in Columbia: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jun 19, 1993
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N427DF
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
550
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
Tanker 92
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The pilot, sole on board, was fighting a forest fire in the region of Columbia, California. The aircraft made a stable and level approach to the drop zone. After the retardant was dropped on fire, the pilot initiated a climb when the aircraft impacted trees, rolled to the left and crashed in an inverted position. The pilot was killed.