Crash of a Cessna 402B in Elk City

Date & Time: Jul 23, 1976 at 1445 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N3775C
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Phoenix - Elk City
MSN:
402B-0624
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
3900
Captain / Total hours on type:
11.00
Circumstances:
On approach to Elk City Airport, both engines failed simultaneously. The pilot reduced his altitude and attempted an emergency landing off airport on land. The aircraft crash landed and came to rest in a field. All three occupants were injured, two of them seriously.
Probable cause:
Double engine failure caused by a fuel exhaustion. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- Instructions misinterpreted.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft D18S in Santa Ana: 3 killed

Date & Time: Nov 22, 1974 at 0204 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N2085D
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Phoenix - Santa Ana
MSN:
A-958
YOM:
1953
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
1098
Captain / Total hours on type:
28.00
Circumstances:
The pilot initiated the descent to Santa Ana-John Wayne Airport by night and poor weather conditions with a limited visibility due to rain showers. On final, the airplane was too low, struck the ground and crashed in flames in Tustin, few miles from the runway threshold. The aircraft was destroyed and all three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper operation on part of the pilot who descended below the published minimum altitude. The following contributing factors were reported:
- Low ceiling,
- Rain,
- High obstructions,
- The glide slope receiver was reported inoperative since one week prior to the accident.
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 690A in Kingston: 1 killed

Date & Time: Nov 12, 1974 at 1804 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N40MP
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Phoenix - Butte
MSN:
690-11116
YOM:
1973
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
2754
Captain / Total hours on type:
200.00
Circumstances:
While cruising by night at an altitude of 17,500 feet on a ferry flight from Phoenix to Butte, the twin engine airplane collided with a USAF General Dynamics F-111A Aardvark registered 67-0055. Following the collision, both aircraft entered a dive and crashed in flames near Kingston. The pilot of the Commander was killed while both military pilots were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The collision occurred by night when the aircraft was not under radar contact with no control. It is understood that the F-111 crew had a rendezvous with the crew of a USAF Boeing KC-135 refueling plane for a night exercise but he mistook the Commander that was struck from the rear with a 0-10° angle.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421A Golden Eagle I in Palm Springs: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1973 at 1604 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N42J
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Phoenix - Palm Springs
MSN:
421A-0185
YOM:
1968
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
2190
Circumstances:
On approach to Palm Springs Airport, the twin engine airplane went out of control and crashed in an isolated area. The wreckage was found a day later and all three occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
Improper IFR operation on part of the pilot who conducted improper or non-standard IFR approach for unknown reason.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 421B Golden Eagle II near Fort Hancock: 2 killed

Date & Time: Oct 29, 1972 at 1815 LT
Operator:
Registration:
N5959M
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Corpus Christi - Phoenix
MSN:
421B-0202
YOM:
1971
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
4710
Captain / Total hours on type:
15.00
Circumstances:
While cruising over a mountainous area, the twin engine airplane adopted a slight descent until it struck the slope of a mountain located near Fort Hancock. SAR operations were conducted but eventually suspended few days later as no trace of the aircraft nor both occupants was found. The wreckage was localized on December 9, 1972, in an isolated area. Both occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty. It was established that the airplane flew into rising terrain while in a slight descent for undetermined reason.
Final Report:

Crash of a Cessna 411 near Stockton: 5 killed

Date & Time: Dec 26, 1971 at 1930 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N411Q
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Phoenix - Salt Lake City
MSN:
411-0146
YOM:
1965
Location:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Captain / Total flying hours:
6900
Circumstances:
While cruising at an altitude of 9,100 pieds by night and in poor weather conditions, the twin engine airplane struck the slope of a mountain located in the region of Stockton, Utah. SAR operations were conducted but eventually suspended few days later as no trace of the aircraft nor the five occupants was found. On 13 May 1972, walkers found the wreckage in an isolated area. The aircraft was totally destroyed by impact forces and the accident was not survivable.
Probable cause:
Controlled flight into terrain. The following factors were reported:
- Inadequate preflight preparation,
- The pilot attempted operation beyond experience/ability level,
- The pilot continued under VFR mode into adverse weather conditions,
- Low ceiling and snow showers,
- Turbulences associated with clouds and thunderstorm activity,
- High obstructions.
Final Report:

Crash of a Carstedt Jet Liner 600A near Coolidge: 12 killed

Date & Time: May 6, 1971 at 1315 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N4922V
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Tucson - Phoenix
MSN:
04285
YOM:
1950
Flight number:
33
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Captain / Total flying hours:
6000
Captain / Total hours on type:
2500.00
Circumstances:
Apache Airlines Flight 33 of May 6, 1971, was a regularly scheduled air taxi flight from Tucson to Phoenix, Arizona. The aircraft was a De Havilland Dove Model 104-7AXC (Carstedt CJ600A Conversion), N4922V. The flight departed Tucson International Airport, under visual conditions, at 1253 m.s.t. with 10 passengers and a crew of two, and with 140 gallons of fuel on board. At about 1315, ground witnesses near Coolidge, Arizona, observed the aircraft flying in a northwesterly direction. Some of these witnesses reported that they first heard loud engine noises emanating from the aircraft, and that the engine sound then ceased. According to two of the witnesses, the aircraft initially descended at a “slight angle” which steepened to a 45-to-50 degree dive angle. None of the witnesses saw smoke or fire while the aircraft was in the air, and none saw parts separate from the aircraft. According to the witnesses, there were high scattered cumulus clouds in the area. A pilot, who flew a light aircraft through that general area after the accident, reported that he encountered severe turbulence at about 4,200 feet in the Phoenix area. The 1258 surface weather observation at Phoenix was reported as, measured ceiling of 4,800 feet broken clouds, 25,000 feet overcast, visibility 40 miles, wind from 250’ at 8 knots, and an altimeter setting of 29.78 inches. The crew was current in the aircraft and qualified for the operation involved. The wreckage site, a flat plowed field, revealed two distinct craters with no impact marks between them. One crater was oriented north/south. Most of the fuselage and left wing wreckage was found north of that crater and within 200 feet of it. The other crater, which contained remains of the right wing and the right engine, was located approximately 35 feet southeast of the fuselage crater. Scattered parts of the right wing were located northeast of the crater formed by that wing. Only one piece of wreckage was found outside the immediate area of the craters. This piece, a fairing from the lower aft wing root, was located 1,160 feet northwest (downwind) of the fuselage crater. Although the entire airframe of N4922V was fragmented, the degree of fragmentation was greater on the right side of the fuselage. Both engines were recovered, still attached to portions of their wing attach structure. No evidence of any pre-existing damage was noted on the engine mounts. The engines revealed no evidence of malfunction or failure prior to impact. Neither engine was producing power at impact. Both propellers were found in the feathering range: Disassembly and examination of both fuel controls, the fuel pumps, and the propeller governors revealed no discrepancies except for impact damage. All 12 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The inflight failure and subsequent separation of the right wing. This failure was the result of a fatigue fracture in the lower main root joint fitting which propagated from an area of corrosion and fretting damage which, in turn, was caused by design deficiencies. These deficiencies remained undetected because surveillance of the supplemental type certification process and the modification programs was not adequate to assure compliance with design and inspection requirements.
Final Report:

Crash of a Fairchild F-27A near Las Vegas: 29 killed

Date & Time: Nov 15, 1964 at 2025 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N745L
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Phoenix – Las Vegas
MSN:
29
YOM:
1958
Flight number:
BO114
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
25
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
29
Captain / Total flying hours:
11171
Captain / Total hours on type:
4055.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3249
Copilot / Total hours on type:
811
Aircraft flight hours:
14401
Circumstances:
Weather was poor near Las Vegas with indefinite ceiling at 500 feet, sky obscured, 900 m visibility and light snow. Flight 114 was flying a VOR/DME-3 approach when the plane descended below altitude minima. At 9.7 DME, at an elevation of 3575 feet msl the plane struck rising terrain and crashed. The flight should have been at 4300 feet msl at that point. It appeared that the VOR/DME-3 approach procedure was relatively new, having become effective on October 3, 1964. Until November 15 no approaches using this procedure had been flown. The approach chart depiction for the segment of the approach from the 15 mile fix to the 6 mile fix displayed no descent information on the profile section. However, the profile did show a solid horizontal line between the 6 mile fix and the 3 mile fix, with an altitude of 3,100 feet. Further, the solid line was defined in the Chart Legend as "Flight Path," which implied that a descent to 3,100 feet was proper once the fix to which the flight has been cleared is reached.
Probable cause:
The misinterpretation of the approach chart by the captain which resulted in a premature descent below obstructing terrain.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation in Chicago

Date & Time: Feb 29, 1960
Operator:
Registration:
N7101C
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Chicago – Phoenix
MSN:
4582
YOM:
1955
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
54
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
During the takeoff roll, the right main gear collapsed. The aircraft swung on runway and came to rest. All 60 occupants were evacuated safely while the aircraft was considered as damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
The right main gear collapsed during takeoff.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando near Whittier: 29 killed

Date & Time: Apr 18, 1952 at 0334 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N8404C
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
New York – Chicago – Kansas City – Phoenix – Hollywood
MSN:
22466
YOM:
1945
Flight number:
RBN416W
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
29
Captain / Total flying hours:
7913
Captain / Total hours on type:
600.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3000
Copilot / Total hours on type:
495
Circumstances:
The crew started the descent to Hollywood-Burbank Airport at night and in marginal weather conditions (low clouds) when he was instructed by ATC to divert to Los Angeles for a safe ILS approach. While descending in dark conditions, the aircraft impacted the slope of Mt Puente located two miles east of Whittier. The wreckage was found few hours later. All 29 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the action of the pilot in voluntarily descending below the minimum altitude for which he was cleared, and attempting an approach at an altitude too low to clear the terrain. The following findings were pointed out:
- Captain Lewis R. Powell served as command pilot on this flight and on previous ones, contrary to the limitation imposed by his medical certificate, although he was fully aware that this limitation restricted his flying activities to company check pilot duties only,
- Copilot Charles K. Waldron was properly certificated for the flight involved, but during this flight exceeded the flight time limitations prescribed under Section 42.48 of the Civil Air Regulations,
- The flight was not conducted in accordance with the ARTC approach clearance, in that it descended considerably lower than the minimum altitude prescribed between Riverside range and Downey fan marker,
- The flight was in clear weather until reaching the Puente Hills, which were clear on the east slope but in fog to the west,
- Weather conditions at Los Angeles International Airport were satisfactory for the ILS approach for which the flight had been cleared, but were not satisfactory for a visual approach.
Final Report: