Crash of a Learjet 35 in Schenectady

Date & Time: Jan 4, 2001 at 1547 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
N435JL
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Schenectady – New York-LaGuardia
MSN:
35-018
YOM:
1975
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
2570
Captain / Total hours on type:
1065.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1600
Copilot / Total hours on type:
497
Aircraft flight hours:
16302
Circumstances:
The captain stated that prior to departure the flight controls were tested, with no abnormalities noted, and the takeoff trim was set to the "middle of the takeoff range," without referring to any available pitch trim charts. During the takeoff roll, the pilot attempted to rotate the airplane twice, and then aborted the takeoff halfway down the 4,840 foot long runway, because the controls "didn't feel right." The airplane traveled off the departure end of the runway and through a fence, and came to rest near a road. The pilot reported no particular malfunction with the airplane. Examination of the airplane revealed that the horizontal stabilizer was positioned at -4.6 degrees, the maximum nose down limit within the takeoff range. The horizontal stabilizer trim and elevator controls were checked, and moved freely through their full ranges of travel. According to the AFM TAKEOFF TRIM C.G. FUNCTION chart, a horizontal stabilizer trim setting of -7.2 was appropriate with the calculated C.G. of 20% MAC. Additionally, Learjet certification testing data stated that the pull force required at a trim setting of -6.0 degrees, the "middle of the takeoff range", was 33 pounds. With the trim set at the full nose down position (-1.7 degrees), 132 pounds of force was required.
Probable cause:
The pilot's improper trim setting, which resulted in a runway overrun and impact with a fence.
Final Report: