Crash of an Ilyushin II-18V in Moscow: 25 killed

Date & Time: Mar 3, 1973 at 1245 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-BEM
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sofia - Moscow
MSN:
182 0056 02
YOM:
1962
Flight number:
LZ307
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
25
Circumstances:
During an approach to Moscow-Sheremetyevo Airport in marginal weather conditions, the crew initiated a go-around for unknown reason. During the second approach, at a distance of 5 km from the runway 07 threshold, the crew was informed by ATC that his position was 15 meters below the glide. Shortly later, the airplane nosed down then crashed in a huge explosion 4,330 meters short of runway. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 25 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The commission considered that the most probable cause of the accident was an adverse combination of the following factors:
- Icing of the stabilizer (probably due to lack of heating in the leading edge),
- A pitch manoeuvre executed to correct a deviation from the glide path which resulted in a g-loading of 0,6 - 0,5,
- Extension of the flaps to the full landing setting, which had the effect of degrading the airflow over the lower surface of the stabilizer and, consequently, of producing loads on the control column which promoted a further increase in the negative g-loading and prevented recovery of the aircraft from the developing nosedive.
Owing the destruction of the aircraft it was not possible to check the actual functioning of the stabilizer deicing system.
Final Report:

Crash of an Ilyushin II-14 near Smolyan: 35 killed

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1972 at 2002 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-ILA
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Burgas - Sofia
MSN:
1460 010 46
YOM:
1956
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
31
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
35
Circumstances:
During the preflight briefing, the crew was informed about poor weather conditions in Sofia and that the visibility was below minima. The airplane departed Burgas Airport at 1901LT and en route, the captain decided to divert to Plovdiv where weather conditions were considered as better. First radio contact with approach control in Plovdiv was established at 1950LT and the crew was cleared to descent. Twelve minutes later, while descending by night and limited visibility, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain located in the Rhodopes Mountain Range, near the city Smolyan. The wreckage was found few hours later about 56 km southwest of Plovdiv Airport. All 35 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the first radio contact was established with a civilian controller at 1950LT. Four minutes later, this controller was relieved by a military controller who cleared the crew to descent without knowing the exact position of the airplane that descended below the minimum descent altitude. The lack of visibility was considered as a contributing factor.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18V in Sofia: 28 killed

Date & Time: Dec 21, 1971 at 2332 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-BES
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Sofia - Algiers
MSN:
185 0081 04
YOM:
1965
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
11
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
62
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
28
Circumstances:
Just after liftoff, while climbing by night to a height of 8 meters, the airplane banked left, causing the left wing to struck the runway surface. Out of control, the airplane crashed in flames in a grassy area located on the left side of the runway. Among the debris scattered on a distance of 400 meters, 45 injured people were evacuated while 28 others were killed, among them two crew members and the Bulgarian singer Pacha Hristova who was travelling to Algeria with members of the Bulgarian folklorik band 'Aura'.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the airplane was just returning into service following ground maintenance. For unknown reason, technicians failed to comply with maintenance procedure and it was determined that the aileron control cables were not properly connected.

Crash of an Antonov AN-14A on Mt Sveti Duh: 8 killed

Date & Time: Sep 17, 1971
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-7005
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Kardzhali - Sofia
MSN:
601609
YOM:
1966
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
7
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
While cruising in bad weather conditions, the twin engine airplane struck the slope of Mt Sveti Duh located in the Rila Mountain Range. The wreckage was found a day later and a passenger was evacuated while eight other occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It appears the accident was the consequence of an ATC error.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18D in Zurich: 45 killed

Date & Time: Jan 18, 1971 at 1549 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-BED
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Paris - Sofia
MSN:
186 0090 02
YOM:
1966
Flight number:
LZ130
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
39
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
45
Captain / Total flying hours:
8444
Captain / Total hours on type:
3460.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
9932
Copilot / Total hours on type:
3627
Aircraft flight hours:
8622
Aircraft flight cycles:
3136
Circumstances:
In the afternoon, the airplane departed Paris on flight LZ130 to Sofia, carrying 39 passengers and a crew of eight. While cruising at its assigned altitude vertical to Luxeuil VOR, the captain requested to ATC the permission to divert to Zurich-Kloten Airport. The reason for this rerouting was unknown. The crew was cleared to change his route and continued over south of West Germany before starting a descent to Zurich. The approach to runway 16 at Zurich-Kloten was initiated in poor weather conditions with fog reducing the horizontal visibility to 600 meters and the vertical visibility to 60 meters. On final, the left main gear and the left wing tip struck the ground. The airplane gain a little height then struck the ground, lost its four engines and crashed in flames about 700 meters short of runway threshold, slightly out from the approach path. The aircraft was totally destroyed by impact forces and a post crash fire and only two occupants survived the accident, the captain and a boy aged 12. All 45 other occupants were killed. The occupants were respectively 14 West German, 12 Bulgarian (among them 8 crew members), 9 French, 4 Syrians, 2 Lebanese, one Brazilian, one Dutch, one Argentinian, one Austrian, one Finnish and one British.
Probable cause:
The reason why the crew wanted to divert to Zurich-Kloten Airport could not be determined. Nevertheless, it was determined that during an ILS approach to runway 16 in thick fog, the crew neglected several published procedures which led the aircraft to pass below the minimum descent altitude and the approach path. The lack of visibility due to fog was considered as a contributing factor as the crew was unable to establish a visual contact with the ground and the runway. The last technical revision (50 hours) was completed two days prior to the accident, the 600 hours check on December 2, 1970 and the big revision (check C) was completed on May 31, 1969. At the time of the accident, the airplane was considered as airworthy and no technical anomalies was reported. The eight crew members were respectively a captain, a copilot, a navigator, a flight engineer, a radio navigator, an aspirant radio navigator, one steward and one stewardess.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-18E in Burgas: 47 killed

Date & Time: Sep 3, 1968 at 2030 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-BEG
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Berlin - Sofia - Burgas
MSN:
187 0091 01
YOM:
1967
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
9
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
80
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
47
Circumstances:
The four engine aircraft was completing a charter flight from Berlin to Burgas with an intermediate stop in Sofia, carrying 80 East-German tourists who were flying on holidays to Burgas, on the shore of the Black Sea. While descending to Burgas, the crew encountered poor weather conditions with low clouds, rain falls and thunderstorm activity. On final, the four engine aircraft was too low, struck obstacles and crashed in flames few hundred meters short of runway threshold. Five crew members and 42 passengers were killed while 39 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was totally destroyed.
Probable cause:
The crew apparently took the decision to continue the approach under VFR mode in IMC conditions. In violation to the published procedures, the crew descended below the glide and continued the final approach at an insufficient altitude, causing the aircraft to struck obstacles and to crash.

Crash of a Tupolev TU-104B near Sofia: 5 killed

Date & Time: Jun 4, 1962 at 0533 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-42491
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sofia – Moscow
MSN:
0 2 16 04
YOM:
26
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Aircraft flight hours:
1404
Aircraft flight cycles:
628
Circumstances:
The aircraft was performing a cargo flight from Sofia to Moscow-Sheremetyevo Airport, carrying a load of 12,108 kg of cherries and 1,408 kg of strawberries. Shortly after takeoff from runway 09, while climbing to a height of 400 meters, the crew informed ground about the failure of the left engine. The pilot-in-command made a slight turn to the left to 5-6° and shut down the left engine 30 seconds later. The airplane continued heading 095° to the altitude of 800 meters then entered in clouds. The crew informed ATC he was dumping the fuel and returning to the airport for an emergency landing. Shortly later, the airplane struck the slope of a mountain located 27 km north of the airport and disintegrated on impact. All five crew members were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the failure of the left engine could not be determined with certainty. However, it was reported that the failure occurred at a critical stage of flight and created a complex situation to the crew who was forced to dump the fuel without appropriate assistance from ATC. The lack of radar equipment remains a contributing factor.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-14M in Kiev: 8 killed

Date & Time: Aug 17, 1957 at 2002 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
CCCP-L2071
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sofia - Kiev
MSN:
7 34 24 08
YOM:
11
Flight number:
SU126
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Aircraft flight hours:
833
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a cargo flight from Sofia to Kiev, carrying the luggage of the Chinese Athletics delegation. On approach to Kiev-Zhuliany Airport, while making a turn at an altitude of 250-300 meters, the aircraft collided with an Aeroflot Ilyushin II-14D registered CCCP-L1360 that was carrying four crew members on a local training mission. Investigations determined that the propeller of the right engine of L2071 struck the right wing of the L1360, proving that both airplanes were facing each other. Following the collision, L1360 lost its right wing, dove into the ground and crashed while L2071 lost its right propeller that penetrated the cockpit and killed instantly both pilots. Out of control, the airplane also dove into the ground. Both aircraft crashed onto several houses located 4,5 km from the airport. All 9 crew members were killed as well as six people on the ground. 23 others were injured, 12 of them seriously.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the collision was the consequence of a lack of radar coverage, guidance and assistance on part of the ATC at Kiev-Zhuliany Airport. It was reported that the crew of L2071 was not informed about the presence of a second aircraft performing training maneuvers in the vicinity of the airfield at the same altitude.

Crash of an Ilyushin II-14 in Varna: 6 killed

Date & Time: Apr 26, 1957
Type of aircraft:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Sofia - Varna
Location:
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
6
Circumstances:
On approach to Varna in poor visibility (clouds down to 160 metres) when deviated from the approach pattern and crashed into a hill (300-350 metres). All six crew killed.

Crash of a Lisunov LI-2P on Mt Vezhen: 30 killed

Date & Time: Nov 22, 1952 at 0830 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
LZ-TUE
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Sofia – Gorna Oryahovitsa – Varna
MSN:
184 323 03
YOM:
1947
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
26
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
30
Circumstances:
While cruising in poor weather conditions, the twin engine aircraft hit the slope of Mt Vezhen (2,198 meters high) located in the Stara Planina Mountain Range. The wreckage was found few hours later, about 20 meters below the summit, and all 30 occupants have been killed. At the time of the accident, the visibility was nil due to heavy snow falls and the crew was unable to distinguish the mountain.
Probable cause:
After takeoff from Sofia Airport, the crew was supposed to follow a circuit of 15 km around the capital city to gain the minimum altitude of 1,500 meters before proceeding to the northeast. Apparently to save time and fuel, the crew decided to ignore this procedure and proceeded directly to the northeast after departure, causing the aircraft to approach the mountain range at an insufficient altitude. Low visibility caused by poor weather conditions was considered as a contributory factor.