Crash of a Douglas C-47A-85-DL in Croydon: 12 killed

Date & Time: Jan 25, 1947 at 1141 LT
Type of aircraft:
Registration:
VP-YFD
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Croydon – Rome – Salisbury
MSN:
19979
YOM:
1944
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
12
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from runway 12, while climbing to a height of some 100 feet in snow falls, the aircraft banked right, stalled and crashed on a parked CSA C-47 registered OK-WDB. Two technicians were working on the Czech C-47 for a maintenance control. Both aircraft were destroyed by fire. While both technicians were slightly injured, 11 people on board the VP-YFD were injured while 12 others were killed, among them the captain, Edward Spencer, founder and owner of this company based in Salisbury, Rhodesia. The aircraft was still registered NC32975.
Probable cause:
On rotation, the aircraft was in stall conditions due to the combination of several factors such as heavy weight, fuselage, wings and empennage covered by snow, poor techniques on part of the pilot, poor judgement and fatigue on part of the crew.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation instituted "an inspection of Certificates of Airworthiness, Certificates of Safety and crew licences" at airfields under their control to ensure these documents were in order. The aircraft did not have a CofA, nor a valid Certificate of Safety, and no member of crew held a Navigators licence nor a licence to sign a Certificate of Safety.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-25-DK in Shere

Date & Time: Nov 6, 1946 at 0845 LT
Operator:
Registration:
PH-TBO
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Amsterdam – Croydon
MSN:
13638
YOM:
1944
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft entered the London Control Zone when QBI conditions (compulsory IFR conditions) were in force. When the pilot estimated that he flew over the Croydon MF beacon, he had actually passed it two or three minutes earlier. He continued to fly on a westerly course for three or four minutes until receiving instructions that he was next to land, and that the landing direction was 120 degrees M. The aircraft then began to descend again and after receiving several QDM's the pilot turned on to the course for Croydon. The pilot levelled out at an indicated altitude of 1,200 feet and the undercarriage was lowered. Almost immediately after, whilst still flying in cloud, the aircraft struck the tops of trees and crashed. The pilot had set the altimeter to the sea level pressure instead of airfield pressure. Consequently the aircraft's height would be about 230 feet lower than that indicated by the altimeter.
Source:
http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19461106-0
Probable cause:
Flying into high ground in conditions of low cloud and poor visibility. This must be attributed to errors on the part of the pilot who, preparatory to landing at Croydon Airport in QBI conditions.
Failed to navigate his aircraft with sufficient degree of care to avoid high ground when descending through cloud.
During the descent misinterpreted the height of the aircraft as indicated by his altimeter.

Crash of a Vickers 491 Viking 1A in Effingham

Date & Time: Apr 23, 1946 at 1715 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-AGOK
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Wisley - Wisley
MSN:
1/101
YOM:
1945
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew left Wisley Airfield at 1705LT on a local test flight on this first prototype, in accordance to the certification program. Five minutes after takeoff, while cruising at an altitude of 1,000 feet, the crew willingly shut down the right engine. Four minutes later, the left engine encountered technical problems and failed. Unable to maintain a safe altitude, the captain decided to attempt an emergency landing and the airplane crash landed in a field located in Effingham, about 2 miles southeast of the Wisley Airfield. While all four crew members were uninjured, the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. This was the first mishap involving a Vickers Viking.
Probable cause:
The cause of the left engine failure was certainly due to the cutting off of the fuel supply.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-10-DK Dakota III in Warlingham: 8 killed

Date & Time: Feb 13, 1946
Operator:
Registration:
KG397
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
12432
YOM:
1944
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
15
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Circumstances:
On approach to Croydon, the crew encountered poor visibility with low clouds and mist. While descending at a too low altitude, the aircraft hit a hill and crashed in Warlingham, about 9 km south of Croydon Airfield. Eight occupants were killed while ten others were rescued.
Probable cause:
Premature descent in poor visibility.

Crash of a Douglas C-47B-30-DK Dakota C.4 in Coulsdon

Date & Time: Dec 17, 1945
Operator:
Registration:
KN444
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Croydon - Croydon
MSN:
16164/32912
YOM:
1945
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew (one instructor and two student pilots) were performing a circular training flight in Croydon. Shortly after takeoff, while in initial climb, the instructor shut off one of the engine. Immediately, the student pilot feathered the propeller but was unable to raise the landing gear. Due to an insufficient speed, the aircraft stalled and crashed in Coulsdon, south of the airport. While all three occupants were unhurt, the aircraft was written off.
Probable cause:
It appears that the crew did not prepare the flight properly and was unable to raise the landing gear because the locking pins were still in place and not remove prior to departure.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-10-DK Dakota C.3 in Croydon: 4 killed

Date & Time: Oct 19, 1945
Operator:
Registration:
KG439
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
12474
YOM:
1944
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
7
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Circumstances:
Shortly after liftoff from Croydon Airport, while in initial climb, both engines failed simultaneously. The aircraft stalled and crashed on the Mitchley Avenue located in the suburb of Sanderstead. Four crew members were killed while three others were seriously injured.
Probable cause:
The crew did not prepare the flight properly and failed to monitor the fuel selector prior to takeoff. Investigations revealed that the fuel selector was positioned on an empty fuel tank at the time of the accident. Other tanks were properly fueled prior to departure.

Crash of a Curtiss C-46D-10-CU Commando near Hindhead: 31 killed

Date & Time: May 6, 1945 at 1254 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
44-77839
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
MSN:
33235
YOM:
1945
Location:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
28
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
31
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a flight to the US, repatriating wounded US soldiers. It was scheduled to make a stopover at RAF Greenham Common near Newbury, Berkshire. Starting the descent, the crew encountered low visibility with clouds to 600 feet. While flying in a mountainous area, the twin engine aircraft hit a radar antenna, lost its right wing and crashed in flames on a hut located on Mt Gibbet located near Hindhead, Surrey. All 30 occupants and one person in hut were killed.
Crew:
2nd Lt John N. Boyce Jr.,
1st Lt Herbert R. Chickering.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the crew started the approach in visual mode in IMC. The aircraft hit a 70 meters high radar antenna that was not visible because it was not equipped with lights. Also, the crew was unaware of the presence of the antenna as it was not showed on any charts.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-25-DK in Leith Hill: 5 killed

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1944
Operator:
Registration:
42-93754
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Villeneuve – Chalgrove
MSN:
13701
YOM:
1944
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
The crew left Villeneuve-les-Vertus Airfield at 1640LT bound for RAF Chalgrove, Oxfordshire, with three other similar aircraft in a V formation. After crossing The Channel and flying over England, the weather conditions worsened and the crew encountered poor visibility. The captain decided to reduce his altitude from 1,500 feet to 1,200 feet. Few seconds later, he descended 200 feet more when the aircraft struck the Leith Hill and was destroyed. All five crew members were killed. Two other aircraft in the formation crashed at the same time, in the same area and in similar circumstances.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-15-DK in Leith Hill: 3 killed

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1944
Operator:
Registration:
42-92837
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Villeneuve – Chalgrove
MSN:
12682
YOM:
1944
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Circumstances:
The crew left Villeneuve-les-Vertus Airfield at 1640LT bound for RAF Chalgrove, Oxfordshire, with three other similar aircraft in a V formation. After crossing The Channel and flying over England, the weather conditions worsened and the crew encountered poor visibility. The captain decided to reduce his altitude from 1,500 feet to 1,200 feet. Few seconds later, he descended 200 feet more when the aircraft struck the Leith Hill and was destroyed. Three crew members were killed while two others were injured. Two other aircraft in the formation crashed at the same time, in the same area and in similar circumstances.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-30-DK in Leith Hill: 5 killed

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1944
Operator:
Registration:
43-47975
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Villeneuve – Chalgrove
MSN:
25236/13791
YOM:
1944
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
The crew left Villeneuve-les-Vertus Airfield at 1640LT bound for RAF Chalgrove, Oxfordshire, with three other similar aircraft in a V formation. After crossing The Channel and flying over England, the weather conditions worsened and the crew encountered poor visibility. The captain decided to reduce his altitude from 1,500 feet to 1,200 feet. Few seconds later, he descended 200 feet more when the aircraft struck the Leith Hill and was destroyed. All five crew members were killed. Two other aircraft in the formation crashed at the same time, in the same area and in similar circumstances.