Crash of a Vickers 785D Viscount in Rome: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 21, 1959 at 0816 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
I-LIZT
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rome - Rome
MSN:
378
YOM:
1958
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The Viscount was being used for a semi-annual flight crew check involving a simulated two engines out emergency landing. The aircraft was approaching Ciampino runway 16R with engines number 3 and 4 out when it suddenly went into a right bank, some 400 meters short of the runway threshold. The Viscount struck the ground with the right wingtip, crashed and burned. Both pilots were killed.
Probable cause:
The accident was attributed to a balked landing manoeuvre carried out below the speed limits for safe directional control of the aircraft during a critical situation that developed in the last phase of the landing in the course of a simulated emergency exercise with two power units inoperative (number 3 & 4) and two operative (number 1 & 2).

Crash of a Vickers 794D Viscount in London: 14 killed

Date & Time: Feb 17, 1959 at 1647 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
TC-SEV
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Ankara - Rome - London
MSN:
429
YOM:
1958
Region:
Crew on board:
8
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
16
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
14
Captain / Total flying hours:
7716
Captain / Total hours on type:
216.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
5504
Copilot / Total hours on type:
103
Aircraft flight hours:
548
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on a special flight from Ankara to London via Rome with Adnan Menderes the Prime Minister of Turkey and a party of Turkish Government officials on board. The aircraft left Rome at 13:02. TC-SEV called London Airways at 15:56 after passing Abbeville and was cleared by ATC to the Epsom Radio Range station, the holding point for London Airport. Because of poor visibility at destination London (Heathrow) Airport, the London Airport Commandant decided to inform the Turkish captain that he should divert to Gatwick. At 16:21 hrs the aircraft reported over the Epsom range and was given diversion instructions. At 16:27 it left Epsom for Mayfield, the holding point for Gatwick, where it was informed by Gatwick Approach Control that it would be positioned by radar for an ILS approach to runway 09. The latest weather report for Gatwick was given as wind calm, visibility 1.1 nm, mist, cloud 3 oktas at 600 feet, QFE 1036 mb. Over the Mayfield NDB at 4,000 feet the flight was instructed to steer a course of 280 and to descend to 2,000 feet. This was acknowledged. A further descent clearance was given to 1500 feet. The aircraft overshot the centre line slightly as it turned on to the ILS approach path. At 5nm from touchdown, the aircraft affirmed that it could continue on the ILS. TC-SEV was then asked to change to tower frequency and this request was acknowledged. This was the last communication with the aircraft. At a position of some 5 km from the runway threshold and 550 feet to the north of the approach path centre line, the aircraft contacted tops of trees 390 feet amsl at the edge of Jordan's Wood. The aircraft began to disintegrate as it descended through the trees at an angle of about 6 degrees from the horizontal until the wheels made contact with the ground. After rising again slightly the main part of the wreckage came to rest about 100 yards further on and then caught fire. The Prime Minister Adnan Menderes survived the accident with nine other people while 14 other occupants were killed, among them five crew members.
Probable cause:
The evidence is insufficient to establish the cause of the accident. There is no indication however that this can be associated either with a technical failure of the aircraft or with a failure of the ground services. Thus it is believed the accident was the result of a controlled flight into terrain.

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL near Roccatamburo: 8 killed

Date & Time: Nov 3, 1958 at 1900 LT
Operator:
Registration:
YE-AAB
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Rome – Belgrade
MSN:
4345
YOM:
1941
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Captain / Total flying hours:
3165
Captain / Total hours on type:
2125.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on an official government flight from Rome, Italy to Yugoslavia, taking the Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Yemen to Belgrade. Four crew and four passengers were aboard. The flight departed Ciampino Airport (Rome) at 1645Z on an IFR flight plan and was to proceed via Viterbo, Pescara and Split to Belgrade. Due to the fact that the aircraft gave an impossible estimate for its ETA over Viterbo, Ciampino Tower, at 1729Z on its own initiative, notified the aircraft that it was on a bearing of 315°, which indicated that it was to the west of Viterbo. At 1736Z, YE-AAB advised it was over the Viterbo NDB giving its ETA at Pescara as 1817Z. At 1738Z the Tower cleared the aircraft to climb from 8,500 feet to 13,000 feet and requested it to transfer from VHF to HF for further en route navigation messages. The aircraft acknowledged, and this was the last effective radio contact. At approximately 1800Z the aircraft crashed on the western slopes of Monte Porretta at a height of 2,690 feet. All aboard were killed and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was due to faulty conduct of the flight. The following factors were reported:
- Inadequately trained crew,
- Faulty use of the radio compass,
- Failure to request assistance of D/F facilities,
- Erroneous estimates,
- The pilot-in-command and the crew had an inadequate knowledge of the Italian and English phraseology to be used in ground-air-ground radio communications,
- Erroneous assessment of adverse weather conditions, particularly at the destination airport, bearing in mind the lack of adequate facilities under such conditions,
- Errors in compilation of the flight plan, error of approximately 12 minutes in estimated time for the Rome-Viterbo segment,
- Inaccurate indication of frequencies available in aircraft, in actual fact, the control frequency of the Rome ACC (120.1 Kc) was not available although it was essential for flight assistance,
- Inadequacy of charts covering the area along the route. It appears that there was no chart of Europe on board and the flight guide which was found in the wreckage was out of date.
Final Report:

Crash of an Avro 685 York I into the Mediterranean Sea: 5 killed

Date & Time: Sep 29, 1958
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
OD-ADB
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Beirut – Rome – London
MSN:
1307
YOM:
1946
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
5
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
5
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a cargo flight from Beirut to London with in an intermediate stop at Ciampino Airport in Rome. While cruising over the Mediterranean Sea, the four engine aircraft went out of control and crashed into the sea. The crew was unable to send any distress call prior to the accident. SAR operations were conducted but eventually suspended few days later as no trace of the aircraft nor the five crew members was found.
Probable cause:
In the absence of concrete evidence, investigations were unable to determine a possible cause of the accident.

Crash of a De Havilland DH.114 Heron 1B near Castrovillari: 3 killed

Date & Time: Feb 19, 1958 at 1850 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
G-APJS
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Bahrain – Athens – Rome – London
MSN:
14001
YOM:
1952
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total hours on type:
2294.00
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on a ferry flight from Athens, Greece to Ciampino Airport, Rome - it was being transferred from Bahrain to England to be checked and to undergo certain modifications. It had departed Athens at 1407Z on an IFR flight plan and later reported that it expected to fly over Caraffa at 1730 and requested clearance to fly at a lower level. This clearance was not granted since the flight level requested was below the safety minimum for that route segment. There were no further contacts with the aircraft. It crashed between 1735Z and 1808Z on the southeast slope of Mt Scifarello at a height of approximately 1,730 metres (5 675 ft). The 3 crew aboard were killed and the aircraft was destroyed.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by a navigational error. The following were contributing causes:
- The weather conditions encountered were worse than those forecast,
- The pilot had difficulty in receiving MF bearings,
- There was no anti-icing equipment on the wing surfaces.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Reggio de Calabre

Date & Time: Jan 2, 1957 at 1305 LT
Operator:
Registration:
I-LEDA
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rome – Reggio de Calabre – Catania
MSN:
4411
YOM:
1942
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
4
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
After touchdown at Reggio de Calabre Airport, the airplane was unable to stop within the remaining distance, overran, struck a perimeter wall and came to a halt. All seven occupants were rescued while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.

Crash of a Douglas C-47-Dl on Mt Giner: 21 killed

Date & Time: Dec 22, 1956 at 1820 LT
Operator:
Registration:
I-LINC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Rome – Milan
MSN:
9101
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
17
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Circumstances:
The aircraft, I-LINC, took off from Ciampino-Airport, Rome, at 1508Z on a VFR flight plan from Ciampino to Elba and an IFR plan from Elba to Milan-Malpensa along airways A3 and A9, which involve flight over the Elba, Genoa and Lombardia beacons. The cruising altitude was 10,500 feet. At 1520Z the flight plan was changed from VFR to IFR. The radio communications exchanged between the aircraft and Rome and Milan area controls were normal until approximately 1702Z when the aircraft confirmed that it was maintaining altitude 9,500 feet as instructed by Milan ACC. After 1714Z, attempts by Milan control to contact I-LINC were unsuccessful. The aircraft crashed at approximately 1720Z on the northern slopes of Monte Giner. All 4 crew members and 17 passengers were killed instantly.
Probable cause:
The Commission concluded that the change in the route followed by the aircraft and the resulting accident may be attributed to the following:
- The pilot did not follow the airways assigned in the flight plan, which constitutes a violation of flight rules,
- He did not check his direction and position along the new route,
- Unfavorable weather conditions and drift existed,
- There was a possibility of error in the navigational instruments.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-90-DL near Limone Piemonte: 21 killed

Date & Time: Oct 24, 1954 at 1750 LT
Operator:
Registration:
43-16044
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Rome – Lyon – Manston
MSN:
20510
YOM:
1944
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
21
Circumstances:
The aircraft left Rome-Ciampino Airport in the afternoon on a flight to Manston, Kent, with an intermediate stop at Lyon-Bron Airport. While cruising at an altitude of 8,500 feet over the Italian Alps, the crew encountered poor weather conditions when the airplane hit the slope of a mountain at 1750LT. As it failed to arrive in Lyon, SAR operations were conducted but the wreckage was found a week later only in an isolated area located about 12 km west of Limone Piemonte, east of the Argentera Mountain Range. The aircraft was destroyed upon impact and all 21 occupants have been killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the crew failed to prepare the flight properly and according to procedures. For unknown reason, the altitude mentioned on the flight plan was 8,200 feet, which is insufficient to pass over the Alps. A gap of 13 degrees was also noted on the heading (flight path), maybe due to the fact that the crew mistook the Poretta and Bastia beacons, close to each other. Also, it was noted that a wind was blowing at 45 knots from the southwest, which probably contributed to deviate the aircraft from the prescribed flight path.

Crash of a Douglas C-47-DL in Rome

Date & Time: Apr 10, 1954 at 1730 LT
Operator:
Registration:
I-LENT
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Rome - Rome
MSN:
4548
YOM:
1942
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Juts after liftoff, while climbing, the airplane suffered an engine failure and crash landed on the runway. All four crew members who were involved in a local training mission were injured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Probable cause:
Engine failure just after rotation.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-45-DL near Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée: 20 killed

Date & Time: Mar 4, 1954 at 1430 LT
Operator:
Registration:
42-24096
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Tripoli – Rome – Hahn
MSN:
9958
YOM:
1943
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
18
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
20
Circumstances:
The aircraft left Wheelus AFB in Tripoli in the morning on a liaison flight to Hahn, near Frankfurt, with an intermediate stop at Rome-Ciampino Airport. Before departure from Rome, the crew received a basic weather bulletin and while cruising over the Alps, he encountered poor weather conditions with low clouds and snow falls. While cruising at an altitude of 8,000 feet, the airplane hit the slope of a mountain located near Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée, about 65 km north of Nice. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and all 20 occupants were killed.
Crew:
Cpt Edward B. Eden 1.
Probable cause:
It was determined that the aircraft deviated from the prescribed flight path by several km due to strong winds gusting up to 80 knots. Due to low visibility caused by poor weather conditions (clouds and snow falls), the crew failed to recognize the heading deviation and was unable to distinguish the mountain. In such condition, the crew did not proceed to any correction until the aircraft impacted terrain.