Country
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Kingston City District

Crash of a Boeing 737-800 in Kingston

Date & Time: Dec 22, 2009 at 2222 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N977AN
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Washington DC - Miami - Kingston
MSN:
29550/1019
YOM:
2001
Flight number:
AA331
Country:
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
148
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
American Airlines Flight AA331, a Boeing 737-823 in United States registration N977AN, carrying 148 passengers, including three infants, and a crew of six, was being operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 121. The aircraft departed Miami (KMIA) at 20:22 Eastern Standard Time (EST) on 22 December 2009 (01:22 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) on 23 December 2009) on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan, on a scheduled flight to Norman Manley International Airport (NMIA), ICAO identifier: MKJP, Kingston, Jamaica. The aircraft landed at NMIA on runway 12 in the hours of darkness at 22:22 EST (03:22 UTC) in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) following an Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach flown using the heads up display (HUD) and becoming visual at approximately two miles from the runway. The aircraft touched down at approximately 4,100 feet on the 8,911 foot long runway in heavy rain and with a 14 knot left quartering tailwind. The crew was unable to stop the aircraft on the remaining 4,811 feet of runway and it overran the end of the runway at 62 knots ground speed. The aircraft broke through a fence, crossed above a road below the runway level and came to an abrupt stop on the sand dunes and rocks between the road and the waterline of the Caribbean Sea. There was no post-crash fire. The aircraft was destroyed, its fuselage broken into three sections, while the left landing gear collapsed. The right engine and landing gear were torn off, the left wingtip was badly damaged and the right wing fuel tanks were ruptured, leaking jet fuel onto the beach sand. One hundred and thirty four (134) passengers suffered minor or no injury, while 14 were seriously injured, though there were no life-threatening injuries. None of the flight crew and cabin crew was seriously injured, and they were able to assist the passengers during the evacuation.
Probable cause:
Jamaican Director General of Civil Aviation Col. Oscar Derby, stated in the week following the accident, that the jet touched down about halfway down the 8,910-foot (2,720 m) runway. He also noted that the 737-800 was equipped with a head-up display. Other factors that were under investigation included "tailwinds, and a rain soaked runway;" the runway in question was not equipped with rain-dispersing grooves common at larger airports. The aircraft held a relatively heavy fuel load at the time of landing; it was carrying enough fuel for a round trip flight back to the US. The FDR later revealed that the aircraft touched down some 4,100 feet (1,200 m) down the 8,910-foot (2,720 m) long runway. Normally touchdown would be between 1,000 feet (300 m) and 1,500 feet (460 m). The aircraft was still traveling at 72 miles per hour (116 km/h) when it departed the end of the runway. The aircraft landed with a 16 miles per hour (26 km/h) tailwind, just within its limit of 17 miles per hour (27 km/h).
Final Report:

Crash of a Rockwell Grand Commander 680 off Kingston: 2 killed

Date & Time: Dec 3, 1984
Registration:
N6806S
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
MSN:
680-301-6
YOM:
1956
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
Crashed in unknown circumstances in the sea off Kingston, killing both occupants.

Crash of a Douglas DC-6A off Kingston: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jul 20, 1979
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N43865
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Gainesville - Kingston
MSN:
44657/623
YOM:
1955
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
1
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The four engine airplane was completing a cargo flight from Gainesvilles, Florida, to Kingston, Jamaica, carrying four people and a load of eggs. On final approach, the airplane was too high on the glide so the captain abandoned the approach and initiated a go-around. Few minutes later, during a second attempt to land, the airplane was too low and struck the water surface. It crash landed into shallow water (about 10 feet) some 1,500 meters short of runway. Two occupants were killed while two others were seriously injured.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 at Kingston AFB: 2 killed

Date & Time: May 17, 1978 at 0740 LT
Registration:
JDFT-6
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Kingston - Kingston
MSN:
531
YOM:
1977
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The crew was completing a local training mission at Up Park Camp Airbase in Kingston. Following two successful landings, the crew initiated a third approach with the left engine voluntarily inoperative to simulate a failure. On final, the airplane banked left then lost height and crashed in flames on a cricket pitch close to the airfield. The aircraft was destroyed and both pilots were killed.

Crash of a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo off Kingston: 1 killed

Date & Time: Dec 16, 1977 at 2003 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N483LC
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Barranquilla - Tampa
MSN:
31-426
YOM:
1969
Country:
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Captain / Total flying hours:
715
Circumstances:
While approaching the Jamaican coast on a flight from Barranquilla to Tampa, both engines failed. The pilot lost control of the airplane that crashed into the sea off Kingston. SAR operations were initiated but no trace of the aircraft nor the pilot was ever found.
Probable cause:
Due to lack of evidences, the cause of the accident could not be determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46F-1-CU Commando off Kingston

Date & Time: Sep 13, 1967 at 1749 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N1309V
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kingston - Oakland
MSN:
22599
YOM:
1945
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
12000
Captain / Total hours on type:
5000.00
Circumstances:
After takeoff from Kingston-Palisadoes Airport, while climbing, the crew informed ground about an engine failure and elected to return for a safe landing. Later, the captain realized he could not make it and decided to ditch the aircraft few km offshore. All four occupants were quickly rescued while the aircraft was lost.
Probable cause:
Powerplant failure for undetermined reason.
Final Report:

Crash of a Curtiss C-46A Commando near Kingston: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 26, 1962 at 0350 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
HK-354X
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Site:
Schedule:
Fairbanks – Miami – Kingston – Bogotá
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Circumstances:
The Curtiss C-46 operated on a ferry flight from Fairbanks to Bogotá via Miami and Kingston, carrying four spare engines and spare parts. The plane arrived at Kingston on November 25, 17:01 GMT. Following refueling of the aircraft, fuel was observed venting from the right front tank. This caused a delay in departure. At 08:47 GMT the next day, the C-46 lifted off from runway 29 after a long takeoff run and was cleared to climb ahead to 1500 feet. The plane started to turn left on crossing the coastline. Three minutes after takeoff, while still in a shallow climbing left-hand turn, the aircraft flew onto the southern face of Port Henderson Hills at a height of 700 feet. After scraping along rough ground over the brow of the hill, the aircraft fell down a steep precipice and caught fire.
Probable cause:
The aircraft was turned during the climb after takeoff at a height insufficient to clear rising ground. The ability of the pilot to avoid the hill may have been affected by some mechanical or other failure, although the occurrence of such a failure was not established. A contributing factor was that the carriage of one pilot was inadequate for the safe operation of an aircraft of this type.
Final Report:

Crash of a Lockheed 18-56 LodeStar off Kingston: 13 killed

Date & Time: Apr 10, 1953
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VP-JBC
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kingston – George Town
MSN:
2568
YOM:
1943
Country:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff from Kingston-Palisadoes Airport, while climbing to a height of 100-200 feet, the twin engine aircraft banked left, lost height and crashed into the sea. A passenger was rescued while 13 other occupants, were killed. The pilot, Owen Roberts, was the owner of the company. Later, the international Airport of George Town in the Cayman Islands was renamed on his honor.
Probable cause:
The failure of the port engine which in turn was due to the cracking of the Accessory Drive Gear. Thereafter the disaster must be attributed to the failure of the pilot to take precautionary steps on hearing the back firing, which, so far as he knew, might or might not have been a warning of possible engine failure.

Crash of a Convair CV-240-2 off Kingston

Date & Time: Sep 2, 1951 at 1010 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
N90662
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Miami – Camagüey – Kingston – Maracaibo
MSN:
49
YOM:
1948
Flight number:
PA507
Country:
Crew on board:
4
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
30
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
9666
Captain / Total hours on type:
2618.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
2591
Copilot / Total hours on type:
1199
Aircraft flight hours:
4146
Circumstances:
Flight 507 departed Miami, Florida, at 0700, September 2, 1951, and made a routine scheduled stop at Camagüey, Cuba. No irregularities were reported by the flight crew upon arrival at Camagüey, and the flight departed there on schedule at 0900, cleared under visual flight rules direct to Kingston, Jamaica, with Montego Bay, Jamaica, as an alternate. The gross weight of the aircraft and distribution of the disposable load were within allowable limits upon departure from Camagüey. The flight was uneventful between Camagüey and Kingston, and routine radio contacts were made en route At 1003 Flight 507 reported its position to Palisadoes Airport Tower, Kingston, as 20 miles north and a little later was cleared into the traffic pattern for Runway 14. The flight acknowledged this clearance and shortly thereafter reported that the field was in sight Palisadoes Tower then advised Flight 507 of the presence of a local squall between Kingston and the approach end of Runway 14, with heavy rain at the airport, and suggested a low approach. When the aircraft first came into view of the air traffic controller, it was just emerging from the heavy part of the squall, which was then over the approach end of Run-way 14 and moving northwesterly. At this time the flight requested and received permission to circle the airport to the right Witnesses located near the approach end of Runway 14 observed the aircraft flying in a southeasterly direction, paralleling the runway. At approximately the runway intersection, 2 the aircraft turned right and continued around the airport to a point northwest of the approach end of Runway 14 and over Kingston Harbor, here it was observed to descend into the water about 800 feet short of the runway. No one was seriously injured. A motor launch from a nearby salvage vessel arrived alongside the wrecked aircraft in a matter of minutes and took the survivors ashore. The wreckage floated for a short time, then sank, leaving only a part of the tail group and one wing visible above the surface of the water.
Probable cause:
The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the serious error in judgment and piloting technique on the part of the co-pilot and the failure of the captain to recognize the error and take over the controls in sufficient time to take corrective action. It was also determined that the rain squall in the Kingston area was local in nature and the visibility and ceiling at the airport were well above minimums. Also there was no malfunctioning of the aircraft or any of its components prior to impact.
Final Report:

Crash of a Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina off Kingston

Date & Time: Apr 9, 1950
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
VP-BAO
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Miami – Nassau – Kingston
MSN:
118
YOM:
1941
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The aircraft was engaged on a ferry flight from Miami to Kingston with an intermediate stop in Nassau, following inspections and repairs. During the flight from Nassau to Kingston, both engines failed and the aircraft was forced to alight on the sea south of Kingston. All four occupants were rescued while the aircraft sank and was lost.
Source:
https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19500409-0
Probable cause:
The primary cause of the accident was the failure of both engines due to stoppage of fuel supply. This resulted in a forced alighting in a heavy sea with subsequent damage due to which the aircraft sank. The investigation board considers that the following were contributory factors to the accident:
- Incorrect installation of Fuel Shut Off cocks,
- Failure to rectify fuel sight gauges,
- Seizure of fuel selector valves precluding proper pre-flight fuel system checks in Miami and Nassau,
- Inadequate final handing over inspection of aircraft,
- Inadequate acceptance inspection of aircraft,
- Weather conditions at Kingston which precluded a more direct approach.