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Crash of a Douglas DC-3-209 in Burbank: 8 killed

Date & Time: Dec 1, 1944 at 0258 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC17322
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
San Francisco – Burbank – New York
MSN:
1968
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
TW018
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
20
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
8
Captain / Total flying hours:
5400
Captain / Total hours on type:
4315.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1084
Copilot / Total hours on type:
136
Aircraft flight hours:
22180
Circumstances:
The flight was cleared to Burbank Airport for a standard instrument approach. During the approach the plane descended under instrument conditions to such a low altitude as to clip the tree tops and strike a power line pole and then crash at a point approximately 6 1/2 miles short of the Burbank Airport. In a normal approach the plane would have flown over this point at an altitude of about 1650 feet above the ground. The specific reasons for the plane's descent below the minimums for instrument approach were not determinable, nor was it possible to tell whether the deviation was a voluntary one. Investigation did reveal, however, that a number of divisions were made from the company's standard Civil Aeronautics Administration approved procedures during this flight. Both pilots and six passengers were killed.
Crew:
John Pollard Snowden, pilot, †
Thomas Leo Bamberger, copilot, †
Donna Elizabeth Marr, hostess.
Probable cause:
On the basis of the evidence available the Board finds that the probable cause of this accident was the pilot's deviation from the standard instrument approach procedure then he descended below the established safe minimum altitude. A contributing factor was the company's failure to enforce adherence to company procedures.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-454 in Hanford: 24 killed

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1944 at 1730 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC28310
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
San Francisco – Burbank - New York
MSN:
4992
YOM:
1942
Flight number:
TW008
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
21
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
24
Aircraft flight hours:
13167
Circumstances:
Flight 8 took off at 1600 and proceeded according to plan to a cruising altitude of 10,000 feet for Burbank on an instrument clearance. It reported over Fresno on schedule cruising at 10,000 feet and estimated Bakersfield at 1735. At 1712 the crew was last contacted by the company and given a routine message which was acknowledged. Thereafter, at intervals of a few minutes, numerous unsuccessful attempts were made to contact the flight. At no time did the captain report any difficulty with the airplane or comment on the weather. While cruising in poor weather conditions (thunderstorm and severe turbulence), the aircraft went out of control, got inverted and dove into the ground prior to crash in a field. All 24 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
On the basis of all the evidence available the Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the airplane's structure as a result of severe turbulence, in important contributing cause was the fact that the airplane was undoubtedly in an abnormal attitude of flight, i.e., inverted, at the instant of structural failure. The cause of the airplane becoming inverted has not been determined.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-209A near Kansas City

Date & Time: Nov 4, 1942 at 1149 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC18951
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Kansas City - Kansas City
MSN:
2015
YOM:
1937
Crew on board:
6
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
4488
Captain / Total hours on type:
2888.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1500
Copilot / Total hours on type:
700
Circumstances:
A mid-air collision involving aircraft of United States registry, a Douglas DC3, NC18951, and a US Army aircraft, type C-53, registered 41-20116, occurred at an altitude of between 3,500 and 3,900 feet about 4 1/4 miles northeast of the Kansas City Range Station and 1 3/4 miles north of the on course of the northeast leg of the Kansas City Radio Range. At the time of the accident, NC18951 was operating on a check flight in the vicinity of the Kansas City Municipal Airport as a part of the routine instrument flight instruction of Transcontinental & Western Air. The C-53 was on a non-stop cross-country flight from Indianapolis to Wichita via Kansas City, in the service of the US Army Air Forces. The DC-3 received major damage from the collision in the air and was demolished by the resultant crash landing in a group of small trees in the vicinity of Linden, Kansas. The C-53 received major damage as a result of the collision but succeeded in landing at the Kansas City Municipal Airport without further damage. The DC-3 captain sustained minor injuries. None of the 5 other persons involved was injured.
Probable cause:
Error of judgment of the Kansas City Air Traffic Control operator in clearing the TWA DC-3 to climb into the overcast, within the limits of a civil airway, when he had knowledge of the expected arrival, in the immediate vicinity, of the Army C-53.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3-382 on Mt Potosi: 22 killed

Date & Time: Jan 16, 1942 at 1920 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC1946
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
New York – Saint Louis – Albuquerque – Winslow – Las Vegas – Burbank – Los Angeles
MSN:
3295
YOM:
1941
Flight number:
TW003
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
19
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
22
Captain / Total flying hours:
12024
Captain / Total hours on type:
3500.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1330
Copilot / Total hours on type:
650
Circumstances:
The airplane was en route from New York to Los Angeles with several intermediate stops, carrying 19 passengers and a crew of three. About fifteen minutes after take off from Las Vegas-McCarran Airport, while leveling off at night, the airplane impacted the slope of Mt Potosi located 51 km southwest of Las Vegas. The airplane disintegrated on impact and all 22 occupants were killed. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was cruising at an altitude of 7,700 feet while the summit of the mountain is about 8,500 feet. The visibility was limited. Among the victims was the American actress Carole Lombard, aged 33, her mother Elizabeth Peters and her agent.
Crew:
Wayne C. Williams, pilot,
M. A. Gillette, copilot,
Alice Frances Getz, stewardess.
Source & photos:
http://www.lostflights.com/Commercial-Aviation/11642-TWA-TWA-Douglas-DC-3/5007934_mqCvFr
Probable cause:
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings and of the entire record available at this time, investigation board found that the probable cause of the accident was the failure of the captain after departure from Las Vegas to follow the proper course by making use of the navigational facilities available to him.
Contributing factors:
- The use of an erroneous compass course,
- Blackout of most of the beacons in the neighborhood of the accident,
- Failure of the pilot to comply with TWA's directive of July 17, 1941, issued in accordance with a suggestion from the Administrator of Civil Aeronautics requesting pilots to confine their flight movements to the actual on-course signals.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-3B-202 in Saint Louis: 2 killed

Date & Time: Jan 23, 1941 at 0413 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC17315
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Los Angeles – Phoenix – El Paso – Amarillo – Kansas City – Saint Louis – Indianapolis – Pittsburgh – New York
MSN:
1930
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
TW006
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
11
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Captain / Total flying hours:
9711
Captain / Total hours on type:
2338.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1505
Copilot / Total hours on type:
129
Circumstances:
On final approach, the crew encountered poor visibility due to fog and light snow. As the crew missed the runway 01, the captain initiated a go around procedure and applied full power on both engines. After crossing runway 01 for few dozen yards, the captain initiated a turn at low height to join runway 04. Doing so, one of the wing impacted trees and the airplane crashed in a wooded area near the airport. A crew member and one passenger were killed while 12 other occupants were injured. The aircraft was destroyed.
Crew:
P. T. W. Scott, pilot,
O. J. DioGuardi, copilot,
Mary T. Eshbach, stewardess.
Probable cause:
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings and the entire record available to the investigators at this time, they find that the probable cause of the accident was the action of the pilot in attempting a landing under adverse weather conditions in disregard of the minimums prescribed by the Civil Aeronautics Administration and in maneuvering for such landing at a dangerously low altitude.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-2-112 in Pittsburgh

Date & Time: Apr 3, 1940
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC13786
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
1296
YOM:
1934
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The approach was completed in a poor weather conditions with thunderstorm activity, turbulences, strong winds and heavy rain falls. After touchdown, the aircraft went out of control and came to rest upside down. All 1 occupants evacuated safely while the aircraft was destroyed.

Crash of a Douglas DC-3B-202 DST in Albuquerque

Date & Time: Aug 24, 1938 at 0233 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC17316
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Burbank – Winslow – Albuquerque – Amarillo – Wichita – Kansas City
MSN:
1931
YOM:
1937
Flight number:
TW410
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Captain / Total flying hours:
495
Captain / Total hours on type:
134.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
942
Copilot / Total hours on type:
126
Circumstances:
Shortly after takeoff, the crew encountered problems with the left engine that suffered severe vibrations and partially failed. At a height of a about 100 feet, the airplane rolled 5° to the left. The captain decided to return to the airport but realized this was impossible. He took the decision to reduce his altitude and to attempt an emergency landing in a field. While contacting the ground, the aircraft slid for few dozen metres before coming to rest. All 11 occupants escaped uninjured while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
Crew:
Harold Hess, pilot,
Bronson White, copilot,
Olga C. Harbaugh, stewardess.
Probable cause:
Excessive vibration and loss of power, due to malfunctioning of left engine, consulting in insufficient speed to sustain the aircraft in flight. The cause of the malfunctioning of the left engine being undetermined, recommendations, which would tend to prevent similar accidents in the future, cannot be made at this time.
Final Report:

Crash of a Douglas DC-2-112 near Wanona: 9 killed

Date & Time: Mar 1, 1938 at 2130 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC13789
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
San Francisco – Winslow
MSN:
1299
YOM:
1934
Flight number:
TW008
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
6
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
9
Captain / Total flying hours:
6878
Copilot / Total flying hours:
1621
Circumstances:
The airplane departed San Francisco Airport around 1930LT in good weather conditions. Two hours later, weather conditions deteriorated and the crew requested to ATC to divert to Los Angeles. At this time, storm activity and icing conditions were reported by the crew. Two minutes later, the aircraft crashed on Mt Buena Vista located in the Yosemite National Park, near Wawona. SAR operations were quickly initiated but later suspended as no trace of the aircraft nor the nine occupants was found. Walkers found the wreckage on 12 June 1938.
Crew:
John D. Graves, pilot,
Clyde W. Wallace, copilot,
Martha Mae Wilson, stewardess.
Passengers:
Mr. and Mrs. L. B. Walts,
Victor Krause,
Tracy Dirlam,
Mary Louise Dirlam,
N. N. Salisbury.
Probable cause:
According to the US Bureau of Air Commerce, the pilot must have temporarily lost his bearings due to a change in the direction of the wind and a sharp increase in its velocity, unknown to him, leading to confusion as to his position relative to the Fresno radio range course. The subsequent crash occurred in darkness and, apparently, in an area of heavy snowfall. This resulted in a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

Crash of a Douglas DC-2-112 in Pittsburgh: 13 killed

Date & Time: Mar 25, 1937 at 1840 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC13730
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Newark – Camden – Pittsburgh – Chicago
MSN:
1256
YOM:
1934
Flight number:
TW015A
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
10
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
13
Circumstances:
On final approach to Pittsburgh-Allegheny County Airport, at a height of 500 feet, the aircraft rolled to the left, entered an uncontrolled descent and crashed short of runway. All 13 occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
It was determined by the US Bureau of Air Commerce that ice had built up on its wings and in the slot between the edge of its ailerons and the wing tips, and that the latter condition must have changed the airfoil contour and disrupted the flow of air around the structure, leading to a loss of control. Soon after this accident, improved deicing equipment was announced to help deal with the threat to aircraft caused by the build up of ice.

Crash of a Douglas DC-2-172 in Chicago

Date & Time: May 31, 1936 at 2104 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
NC14979
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Newark – Chicago
MSN:
1409
YOM:
1935
Flight number:
TW009
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
12
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
Difficulty was first encountered in the vicinity of Goshen, Indiana, approximately 100 miles from Chicago, when the oil pressure on the left engine raised to 90 lbs. and then gradually dropped to below 50 lbs. As the altitude at this time was about 3000 feet, the pilot climbed to 4000 feet on both engines and throttled the left engine back. He continued to climb on up to 4700 feet using the right engine alone. He advised Columbus of his trouble and was given the option of landing at South Bend, Indiana. He elected to proceed on to Chicago, his reasons for this being that direct radio communication with the South Bend airport was impossible and the lighting there was not as good as at Chicago. The flight continued until within the vicinity of Chicago Municipal Airport, with the right propeller in high pitch, the left engine stopped and the left gasoline valve shut off to save fuel. At this time, Pilot Smith requested and obtained clearance from the control tower to come into the field. He was granted the right of way over other aircraft. The surface wind over the airport was eight miles per hour. However, due to a recent thunderstorm, it was gusty and at an altitude of 2000 feet, increased to a velocity of 34 miles per hour. In approaching the airport at an elevation of about 2000 feet, using the right engine only, the wing flaps and undercarriage were lowered and the air-speed was reduced to about 80 miles per hour in preparation for landing. The winds above the airport were much stronger than the pilot had anticipated and it soon became apparent that the airplane was losing altitude too fast to reach the airport. The pilot attempted to correct this situation by use of the one engine. The effect was to turn the airplane to the left and, due to the reduced air-speed, full control movement proved ineffective against it. Before the speed of the airplane could be increased by Getting the flaps and undercarriage raised and the left engine started, it became evident that it would be impossible to reach the airport and the pilot attempted to head due south and land in an open area. The right wing struck a tree, causing the airplane to collide with a house and then strike the ground. While the aircraft was destroyed, all occupants were injured.
Probable cause:
It is the opinion of the Bureau of Air Commerce that the probable cause of this accident was poor judgment on the part of the pilot for not having started the left engine prior to his approach for a landing so that it could have been used in case of emergency and also for reducing the air-speed of the airplane below a safe minimum for single engine performance. Contributory causes were the indicated drop in oil pressure, cause undetermined, and the unexpected strong winds of unknown velocity to the pilot, which he encountered while landing.
Final Report: