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Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 on Mt Elizabeth: 3 killed

Date & Time: Jan 23, 2013 at 0827 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-GKBC
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Amundsen-Scott Station - Terra Nova-Zucchelli Station
MSN:
650
YOM:
1979
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
3
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
3
Captain / Total flying hours:
22300
Captain / Total hours on type:
7770.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
790
Copilot / Total hours on type:
450
Aircraft flight hours:
28200
Circumstances:
The aircraft departed South Pole Station, Antarctica, at 0523 Coordinated Universal Time on 23 January 2013 for a visual flight rules repositioning flight to Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, with a crew of 3 on board. The aircraft failed to make its last radio check-in scheduled at 0827, and the flight was considered overdue. An emergency locator transmitter signal was detected in the vicinity of Mount Elizabeth, Antarctica, and a search and rescue effort was initiated. Extreme weather conditions hampered the search and rescue operation, preventing the search and rescue team from accessing the site for 2 days. Once on site, it was determined that the aircraft had impacted terrain and crew members of C-GKBC had not survived. Adverse weather, high altitude and the condition of the aircraft prevented the recovery of the crew and comprehensive examination of the aircraft. There were no indications of fire on the limited portions of the aircraft that were visible. The accident occurred during daylight hours.
Probable cause:
The accident was caused by a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Findings:
The crew of C-GKBC made a turn prior to reaching the open region of the Ross Shelf. The aircraft might have entered an area covered by cloud that ultimately led to the aircraft contacting the rising terrain of Mount Elizabeth.
Other findings:
The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was not serviceable at the time of the occurrence.
The company did not have a practice in place to verify the functionality of the CVR prior to flight.
The rate of climb recorded in the SkyTrac ISAT-100 tracking equipment prior to contacting terrain was consistent with the performance figures in the DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 300 Operating Data Manual 1-63-1, Revision 7.
Final Report:

Crash of a Beechcraft 100 King Air in Kirby Lake: 1 killed

Date & Time: Oct 25, 2010 at 1120 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-FAFD
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Calgary - Edmonton - Kirby Lake
MSN:
B-42
YOM:
1970
Flight number:
KBA103
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
8
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The aircraft was on an instrument flight rules flight from the Edmonton City Centre Airport to Kirby Lake, Alberta. At approximately 1114 Mountain Daylight Time, during the approach to Runway 08 at the Kirby Lake Airport, the aircraft struck the ground, 174 feet short of the threshold. The aircraft bounced and came to rest off the edge of the runway. There were 2 flight crew members and 8 passengers on board. The captain sustained fatal injuries. Four occupants, including the co-pilot, sustained serious injuries. The 5 remaining passengers received minor injuries. The aircraft was substantially damaged. A small, post-impact, electrical fire in the cockpit was extinguished by survivors and first responders. The emergency locator transmitter was activated on impact. All passengers were BP employees.
Probable cause:
Findings as to Causes and Contributing Factors:
1. The conduct of the flight crew members during the instrument approach prevented them from effectively monitoring the performance of the aircraft.
2. During the descent below the minimum descent altitude, the airspeed reduced to a point where the aircraft experienced an aerodynamic stall and loss of control. There was insufficient altitude to effect recovery prior to ground impact.
3. For unknown reasons, the stall warning horn did not activate; this may have provided the crew with an opportunity to avoid the impending stall.
Findings as to Risk:
1. The use of company standard weights and a non-current aircraft weight and balance report resulted in the flight departing at an inaccurate weight. This could result in a performance regime that may not be anticipated by the pilot.
2. Flying an instrument approach using a navigational display that is outside the normal scan of the pilot increases the workload during a critical phase of flight.
3. Flying an abbreviated approach profile without applying the proper transition altitudes increases the risk of controlled flight into obstacles or terrain.
4. Not applying cold temperature correction values to the approach altitudes decreases the built-in obstacle clearance parameters of an instrument approach.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 near Alert

Date & Time: May 10, 2010 at 1719 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-FSJB
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
377
YOM:
1973
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
3
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew was performing a supply mission in the Nunavut with three scientists on board. Equipped with ski, the aircraft landed on the snow covered terrain some 168 km north of Alert Air Base. After landing, the aircraft came to a halt when the right ski punctured the ice and the aircraft partially sunk while both engines were still running. All five occupants escaped uninjured and were evacuated two hours later by the crew of a Bell 407 to Resolute Bay. Damaged beyond repair, the aircraft was abandoned on site and later cancelled from registry in November 2011.
Probable cause:
Landing gear went through the ice after landing on ice/snow terrain.

Crash of a Beechcraft 200 Super King Air in Apache-Hamburg

Date & Time: Dec 15, 1999 at 1615 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-GKBN
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
BB-29
YOM:
1975
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
5
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew of C-GKBN, a Beechcraft 200 Super King Air with 5 passengers, made a straight-in approach, with approach flap settings, to a snow-covered and icy runway at Hamburg, AB, Canada. Upon touchdown in 2 inches of snow, directional control was lost. The aircraft turned sideways on the strip, struck a snow windrow, which then pulled the aircraft off the strip into a stand of trees. The First Officer had made the landing. The aircraft had picked up about 1/8 inch of ICA on the approach. Approach flap had been used for the landing instead of landing flap. The aircraft had landed with a five knot tail wind. The landing touchdown was reported to be very firm. There were no injuries but the aircraft was substantially damaged. Company representatives examining the runway surface after the accident discovered a rut running diagonally across the runway, which was apparently present prior the landing and may have contributed to the loss of directional control of the aircraft.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 at Rothera Station: 4 killed

Date & Time: Nov 24, 1994 at 0301 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-GKBD
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
No
Schedule:
Rothera - Terra Nova Bay
MSN:
314
YOM:
1971
Country:
Region:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
4
Captain / Total flying hours:
3984
Captain / Total hours on type:
3414.00
Copilot / Total flying hours:
3180
Copilot / Total hours on type:
448
Circumstances:
The twin engine aircraft departed Rothera Station runway 18 on a charter flight to Terra Nova, carrying two passengers and two pilots. During initial climb, the airplane became unstable and rolled side to side. From a height of about 100 feet, it stalled and crashed on the slope of an iceberg facing the airport, bursting into flames. All four occupants were killed.
Probable cause:
The exact cause of the accident could not be determined with certainty as rescuers and investigators were unable to reach the crash site that was unstable and too dangerous. The stall occurred at a too low altitude to expect recovery.
Final Report:

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 100 on Baffin Island

Date & Time: Mar 6, 1993
Operator:
Registration:
C-FQBT
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
95
YOM:
1968
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
While taking off from an icy lake, the nose gear struck an ice ridge. The aircraft went out of control and collided with the river bank before coming to rest. Both pilots were slightly injured and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. The accident occurred at 69°58'00.0"N 76°59'00.0"W.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 200 on Mt Battle Creek: 1 killed

Date & Time: Jul 14, 1988 at 1140 LT
Operator:
Registration:
C-GKBM
Flight Phase:
Flight Type:
Survivors:
No
Site:
Schedule:
Redmond - John Day
MSN:
417
YOM:
1974
Crew on board:
1
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
1
Circumstances:
The DHC-6 Twin Otter, C-GKBM, was under contract to the U.S. Forest Service. It was to be repositioned to John Day, OR to pick up passengers. At 11:35 PDT, the pilot checked in with John Day Dispatch and transmitted his expected time of arrival would be 12:15 PDT. About 11:40 the aircraft contacted three trees with the right wing at the 5,000-foot level of Battle Creek Mountain. This impact separated the wing into three sections before the aircraft "exited" over the mountain edge. The final impact site was on this ridgeline with the aircraft coming to final rest in a steep canyon to the east. There was a high mountain further east on the flight path that also needed to be crossed before a descent to John Day, Oregon could be commenced. The pilot's medical records indicated the he had been having medical problems, some of which he did not want brought to the attention of the Medical Doctor (MD) designated by the FAA to do flight physicals. In addition, he did not tell his supervisor that he was having medical problems. It was noted that he had complaints of chronic muscular neck pains, back problems, falling asleep, allergy problems, numbness in the top of his feet, feeling tired and run down, and pain in his legs. The flight track showed a gradual descent of about 400 feet per minute. He was off course to the right for about five minutes before impacting with trees. This flight tract strongly supported a very high probability of sleep-induced unconsciousness.
Probable cause:
The most probable cause of this mishap was determined to be the pilot’s acute in-flight incapacitation due to sleep.

Crash of a De Havilland DHC-4A Caribou in Ross River: 2 killed

Date & Time: Nov 10, 1987 at 1713 LT
Type of aircraft:
Operator:
Registration:
C-GVYX
Flight Type:
Survivors:
Yes
Schedule:
Fort Nelson - Ross River
MSN:
292
YOM:
1970
Country:
Crew on board:
2
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
2
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
2
Aircraft flight hours:
11185
Circumstances:
The DHC-4A Caribou aircraft was en route from Calgary to Ross River where it was to be used to transport silver ore concentrate from the mines at Plata to Ross River. On board were two pilots, two company aircraft maintenance engineers to service the aircraft, and about 5,500 pounds of aircraft parts and equipment to support the operation of the aircraft in Ross River. One refuelling stop was made at Fort Nelson, after which the aircraft proceeded on an IFR flight plan to its destination. Ross River has no published instrument approach and is situated in a valley in mountainous terrain. It was necessary to overfly Ross River, proceed 30 miles to the northwest and complete an NDB approach at Faro where the minimum circling altitude is 2,709 feet agl. When below cloud at Faro, the aircraft must then proceed visually up the river valley to Ross River. The Caribou arrived over Faro at approximately 16:15, and an attempt was made to descend below the cloud base which was reported to be 400 to 600 feet agl. When visual reference with the ground was not made, the pilot climbed out to the southeast and informed Faro Community Airport Radio Station (CARS) that he was proceeding to his alternate, Watson Lake. In cruise flight the no. 2 engine began to lose oil, causing the oil pressure to drop to zero. The right engine was then shut down, and the propeller was feathered. A little later, the aircraft was heard flying out to the southeast for an approach to runway 26 at the Ross River Airport. On approach the landing gear had to be recycled because the nose gear did not lock down during the first attempt to lower the gear. The plane was no longer in a position to land, so the captain initiated a go-around. The aircraft passed by the town and then began to lose altitude, descending gradually into the trees. Portions of the right wing were torn off on contact with the trees, and the plane rolled to the right and nosed into the ground. The aircraft then cartwheeled over the embankment and down onto the river shore 20 feet below.
Probable cause:
The Canadian Aviation Safety Board determined that a lack of communication at the company's maintenance facility led to the dispatch of the aircraft with an unsuitable gasket in the right engine, and the subsequent loss of engine oil. A single-engine go-around was attempted when the combination of single-engine performance, a low cloud base, and high terrain surrounding a confined operating area made a successful overshoot uncertain. The flaps were fully retracted before the minimum speed for single-engine flight in the zero flap configuration was achieved.

Crash of a Douglas C-47A-25-DK in Calgary

Date & Time: May 7, 1982
Operator:
Registration:
C-FQHF
Flight Phase:
Survivors:
Yes
MSN:
13392
YOM:
1944
Location:
Country:
Crew on board:
0
Crew fatalities:
Pax on board:
0
Pax fatalities:
Other fatalities:
Total fatalities:
0
Circumstances:
The crew started the takeoff procedure from a runway contaminated with melted snow. In snow falls, the airplane was unable to gain sufficient speed so the captain decided to abandon the takeoff and initiated an emergency braking maneuver. Unable to stop within the remaining distance, the airplane overran and came to rest few dozen meters further. There were no injuries among the occupants while the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.